Muscular System

Question 1

Muscle

Answer 1

an organ specialized to move a body part

Question 2

5 overlapping functions of muscles

Answer 2

movement, stability, control of body openings and passages, heat production, glycemic control

Question 3

4 connective tissue components of muscles

Answer 3

endomysium, perimysium, epimysium, fascia

Question 4

endomysium

Answer 4

thin sleeve of loose connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber

Question 5

perimysium

Answer 5

thicker connective tissue sheath that wraps muscle fibers into bundles called fascicles

Question 6

epimysium

Answer 6

fibrous sheath that surrounds the entire muscle

Question 7

fascia

Answer 7

sheet of connective tissue that separates neighboring muscles or muscle groups from each other and form subcutaneous tissue.

Question 8

5 muscle shape categories

Answer 8

fusiform, parallel, triangular (convergent), pennate, circular

Question 9

Muscles are thick in the middle and taper at each end

Answer 9

fusiform

Question 10

fairly uniform width and parallel fascicles

Answer 10

parallel

Question 11

fan-shaped, broad at the origin and narrow at the insertion

Answer 11

triangular

Question 12

feather shaped, with fascicles inserting obliquely on a tendon that runs the length of the muscle

Answer 12

pennate

Question 13

Forms rings around certain openings

Answer 13

circular

Question 14

Muscle Compartment

Answer 14

group of functionally related muscles enclosed and separated from others by connective tissue fascia

Question 15

Particularly deep fascia

Answer 15

intermuscular septa

Question 16

Indirect attachment

Answer 16

the muscle ends short of the bone, and the gap is bridged by a fibrous band or sheet called a tendon

Question 17

Direct attachment

Answer 17

the red muscular tissue seems to emerge directly from the bone as seen by the naked eye

Question 18

Prime mover

Answer 18

The muscle that produces most of the force in an action

Question 19

Synergist

Answer 19

A muscle that aids the prime mover; may stabilize a joint or modify the direction of a movement

Question 20

Antagonist

Answer 20

muscle that opposes the prime mover; often maintains some tension during movement limiting the speed or range of the movement to protect injury

Question 21

Fixator

Answer 21

muscle that prevents a bone from moving; to fix a bone means hold it steady, allowing muscle attached to it to pull on something else

Question 22

Origin

Answer 22

bony attachment at stationary end of muscle

Question 23

belly

Answer 23

thicker, middle region of muscle between origin and insertion

Question 24

insertion

Answer 24

bony attachment to mobile end of muscle

Question 25

Intrinsic Muscle

Answer 25

entirely contained within a particular region, having both origin and insertion there

Question 26

Extrinsic muscle

Answer 26

acts upon a certain region but has its origin elsewhere

Question 27

teres-

Answer 27

round/cylinder

Question 28

Ways muscles are described

Answer 28

shape, location, action, and orientation

Question 29

Orientation names

Answer 29

rectus, transversus, oblique

Question 30

rectus

Answer 30

parallel to midline

Question 31

transversus

Answer 31

perpendicular to the midline

Question 32

oblique

Answer 32

diagonal

Question 33

5 characteristics of muscle cells

Answer 33

responsiveness, conductivity, contractility, extensibility, elasticity

Question 34

The collagen of muscles is neither

Answer 34

excitable nor contractile

Question 35

skeletal muscle

Answer 35

voluntary, striated muscle attached to one or more bones

Question 36

striations

Answer 36

alternating light and dark transverse bands

Question 37

voluntary

Answer 37

usually subject to conscious control

Question 38

muscle cell, muscle fiber (myofiber)

Answer 38

as long as 30cm

Question 39

muscle fiber=

Answer 39

one cell=myofiber

Question 40

sarcolemma

Answer 40

plasma membrane of muscle cell

Question 41

Sarcoplasm

Answer 41

cytoplasm of a muscle cell

Question 42

sarco-

Answer 42

flesh

Question 43

myofibril

Answer 43

contractile organelle

Question 44

myofilament

Answer 44

protein fiber inside myofibril

Question 45

myosin and actin

Answer 45

proteins that occur in all cells

Question 46

dystrophin

Answer 46

links actin in ourtermoust myofilaments to transmembrane proteins and eventually to fibrous endomysium surrounding the entire muscle cell

Question 47

A band:

Answer 47

dark (anistropic)

Question 48

H band:

Answer 48

middle of A band; thick filaments only