Musculoskeletal

Question 1

PRIMARY ASSESSMENT

Answer 1

Airways and C spine immobilisation
Breathing and ventillation
Circulation and haemorrhage control
Disability
Exposure and environment control
Full Vitals, family, further investigation
Give comfort measures
Head-2-toes and history
Inspect the back

Question 2

Flail chest

Answer 2

three or more ribs located next to each other are fractured in two or more places - no open wounds
SOB, laboured resps
-paradoxical chest movement
chest pain
tachycardia

Question 3

Paradoxical chest movement

Answer 3

chest wall moves in on inspiration and out on expiration, in reverse of the normal movements

Question 4

Sucking chest wound

Answer 4

injury causes a hole to open in your chest
SOB
decreased or absent breath sounds

Question 5

Open pneumothorax

Answer 5

air enters pleural space through opening in chest wall

Question 6

Tension Pneumothorax

Answer 6

pneumothorax with rapid accumulation of air in pleural space causing severely high intrapleural pressure
- resulting in tension of the heart and vessels
- break in the pleural acts as 1 way valve

Question 7

Hemothorax

Answer 7

accumulation of blood in pleural space

Question 8

Pneumothorax

Answer 8

air entering the pleural cavity causing partial of complete collapse of lungs
- increased volume of air in pleural space causes decrease in the lung volume

Question 9

Chest Drain

Answer 9

to remove air and/or fluid from the pleural space and restore normal intra-pleural pressure - tension/ hemo pneumothorax

Question 10

3x sided dressing

Answer 10

management of an open pneumothroax, taped on 3 sides allowing air and fluids to escape on exhalation and occluding air entering on inspiration - open pneumothorax

Question 11

Transverse Fracture

Answer 11

right angle in 1/2 through bone

Question 12

Oblique fracture

Answer 12

oblique strange angle through the bone

Question 13

Comminuted Fracture

Answer 13

more than 2 fragments

Question 14

Greenstick Fracture

Answer 14

imcomplete, one side chipped, the other side bent

Question 15

Sprial Fracture

Answer 15

spiral fracture across the bone

Question 16

Neurovascular damage

Answer 16

looking for nerve or vascular damage

Question 17

peripheral vascular assessment

Answer 17

colour
warmth
cap refill
peripheral pulses
oedema

Question 18

peripheral neurological assessment

Answer 18

sensation
motor function
pain

Question 19

5 p’s

Answer 19

Pain
Pallor - unhealthy pale colour
Pulse
Paresthesia - abnormal sensation
Paralysis

Question 20

Traction

Answer 20

application of a pulling force to an injured or diseased part of body of extremity

Question 21

Fracture complications

Answer 21

• infection
• compartment syndrome
• venous thromboembolism (DVT)
• fat embolism

Question 22

fat embolism syndrome

Answer 22

condition where fat gets into your blood stream and blocks blood flow

Question 23

Venous thromboembolism (VTE)

Answer 23

condition where clot forms in a vein

Question 24

DVT

Answer 24

• deep vein thrombosis
• blood clot forming in deep vein

Question 25

Compartment syndrome

Answer 25

swelling and increased pressure ina limited space (a compartment) presses on and compromises the function of blood vessels, nerves or tendons running through the compartment

Question 26

Cast

Answer 26

Hard mold to encase a body part and immobilize the bones surrounding tissue