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Nursing People with Acute Conditions > Neurological > Flashcards

Neurological Flashcards

1
Q

Stroke

A

Damage to brain by interuptions of blood supply

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2
Q

Hemorrhagic Stroke

A

blood leaks out of damaged blood vessels into interstitial space
-brain tissue deprived of O2
-blood in skull rises intracranial pressure

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3
Q

Ischemic Stroke

A

-bv delivering O2 to the brain is blocked
-position determines the extent of the damage

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4
Q

What does a pupillary check involve

A

-PEARL
-pupils equal and reactive to light
-Bi-lateral dilation and movement

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5
Q

GCS - Glasgow coma scale

A

Eyes response /4
Verbal response /5
Motor response /6

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6
Q

Neurological Assessment

A
  • pupillary check
  • GSC
  • level/loss of consciousness
    -observed behaviors
  • evaluation of cranial nerves
    -motor strength and function
    -vitals
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7
Q

Cushings Triad

A

bradycardia, irregular respirations, and a widened pulse pressure.
- neurological emergency
-indicates a severe increase in ICP

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8
Q

Diffuse Axonal Injury

A

tearing of axons that happens when the brain is injured as it shifts and rotates inside the skull.

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9
Q

Coup

A

coup injury is associated with a moving object impacting a stationary head (brain)

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10
Q

Countercoup

A

-brain rebounds and strikes the opposite side of skull

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11
Q

Contusion

A

bruising or bleeding in the brain
brain cells will likely die

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12
Q

Concussion

A

-TBI
-brief disruption in LOC and amnesia due to head injury

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13
Q

Focal vs Diffuse Head injury

A

focal: confined to one area of the brain
- haematoma
- contusion
diffuse: happens in more than one area of the brain
-concussion
-diffuse axonal injury

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14
Q

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)

A
  • bleeding in the space that surrounds the brain
    -often caused by an aneurysm
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15
Q

Subdural hematoma

A

bleeding in the subdural space, between the dura mater and arachnoid layer

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16
Q

Aneurysm

A
  • abnormal artery wall distension
    -ruptured leads to brain bleeds
17
Q

Intracranial Hematoma

A

bleeding within the brain

18
Q

Coiling

A

-Catheter inserted into aneurysm
-coils are packed into a dome and promote clotting
-closes the aneurysm and remove rupture risk

19
Q

Clipping

A

surgical clip to close off aneurysm in the brain

20
Q

Burrholes

A

used to relieve pressure off the brain when fluids build up
-small hole and tube

21
Q

Craniotomy

A

section of the skull temporarily removed for surgeons to access the haematoma

22
Q

Haematoma

A

collection of blood outside of blood vessels.
-usually caused by blood leaking out of a damaged vessel

23
Q

Intracranial Pressure (ICP)

A

pressure exerted by fluids inside the skull on the brain tissue

24
Q

Monro Kellie hypothesis

A

an increase in volume of one intracranial component (CSF, blood, brain tissue) must be compensated by a decrease in in one or more of the other component
- volume must remain fixed

25
Q

Encephalitis

A

inflammation of active tissues of the brain

26
Q

Increased ICP causes

A

-tumor, stroke, hypertension, infection, head injury, ruptured aneurysm, meningitis, cerebral oedema

27
Q

Cerebral Oedema

A

Swelling on the brain

28
Q

Cerebral edema causes

A

1) mass lessons: abscess, tumor, heamorrhage
2) Head Injury: contusion, post-traumatic brain swelling
3) Brain Surgery
4) Cerebral Infection

29
Q

ICP progression

A
  • initial cranial insult
  • tissue oedema
  • BV compression
    -decrease in blood flow and O2
    -death of brain cells
    -increase in ICP
    -compression of brain stem
    -CO2 accumulation
    -vasodilation
    -DEATHHHH 💀
30
Q

ICP treatment

A
  • IV mannitol
    -hyperventilation
    -draining excess fluid
31
Q

ICP complications

A
  • inadequate cerebral perfussion
  • ischamia and oedema further increased
  • further compression of brain steam
32
Q

Haemorrhage

A

release of blood from a broken blood vessel, either inside or outside the body

Nursing People with Acute Conditions (9 decks)

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