stress and adaptation

Question 1

stressors

Answer 1

internal or external

Eustress= positive= growth promoting
Distress= harmful

Question 2

general adaptation syndrome

Answer 2

alarm stage= immediate sympathetic release of catecholamines and cortisol

resistance= mobilisation of energy reserve
exhaustion- depletion of reserve= dysfunction or disease

Question 3

allostasis

Answer 3

adaptive process of achieving stability through change

central structue- cortex/ limbic system/ hypothalmus/ pituratry

Question 4

adapatation influences

Answer 4

age
sex
genetics
previous exsposure
health and nutrition
sleep

Question 5

failure to adpat

Answer 5

pyschological effects
somatic sysmptoms= ulcers
chronic disease

Question 6

homeostasis

Answer 6

maintenance of relative stable internal environments when exsposed to simulus

Question 7

stress

Answer 7

complex physiological and pyschological response triggered by stimulus

Question 8

impact of stressor

Answer 8

type/ intensity and duration
individuals preception
person genetic makeup

Question 9

mechanisms of chronic stress- related damage

Answer 9

neuroinflammation
- chronic stress- activates microglia in hippocmapus which leads to increased inflammation
linked to fatigue

HPA axis dysregulation
- cortisol resistance to tissue
flatterened siurnal cortisol patterns
increased vulnerability to inflammation and infection

autonomic nervous system imbalance

• persistant sympathetic dominance
  imparied baroreflex

Question 10

symptoms of chronic stress

Answer 10

Cognitive dysfunction (“brain fog”)
Mood disorders: depression, anxiety, irritability
Sleep disturbances
Increased pain sensitivity (central sensitisation)
Fatigue syndromes (e.g., ME/CFS, Long COVID)
Chronic disease progression: cardiovascular, metabolic, immune, gastrointestinal