musculoskeletal_flashcards
(39 cards)
What is the word root for bone?
Oste/o – Example: Osteoporosis (bone weakening condition).
What does the combining form ‘My/o’ or ‘Muscul/o’ mean?
Muscle – Example: Myopathy (muscle disease).
What does ‘Arthr/o’ refer to?
Joint – Example: Arthritis (joint inflammation).
What does ‘Chondr/o’ stand for?
Cartilage – Example: Chondromalacia (softening of cartilage).
What is the meaning of ‘Cost/o’?
Rib – Example: Costochondritis (rib cartilage inflammation).
Which term relates to the vertebra?
Spondyl/o – Example: Spondylosis (degenerative changes in the spine).
What does ‘Myel/o’ indicate?
Bone marrow or spinal cord – Example: Myelitis (inflammation of spinal cord).
What does ‘Ten/o,’ ‘Tendin/o,’ or ‘Tendon/o’ mean?
Tendon – Example: Tendinitis (inflammation of a tendon).
Which term is related to ligaments?
Ligament/o – Example: Ligamentous (pertaining to ligaments).
What does ‘Synov/o’ or ‘Synovi/o’ refer to?
Synovial membrane or fluid – Example: Synovitis (inflammation of synovial membrane).
What are the primary functions of bones in the musculoskeletal system?
Structural support, Mineral storage (calcium and phosphorus), Blood cell production (in bone marrow), Protection of vital organs.
Name the four types of bones and provide examples.
Long bones – Limbs (e.g., femur), Short bones – Wrists and ankles, Flat bones – Skull, ribs, sternum, Irregular bones – Vertebrae, facial bones.
What are the three types of muscles and their functions?
Skeletal muscle – Voluntary movement, Smooth muscle – Involuntary, Cardiac muscle – Involuntary (heart).
What are joints, and what types exist?
Synovial joints – Highly movable, Cartilaginous joints – Limited movement, Fibrous joints – No movement.
What is the function of cartilage in the body?
Reduces friction and cushions joints.
What is the role of tendons in the musculoskeletal system?
Connect muscles to bones, enabling movement.
What do ligaments do?
Connect bones at joints, providing stability.
What is synovial fluid, and what is its role?
Lubricates joints to facilitate smooth movement.
What is osteoporosis?
Condition where bone density decreases, increasing fracture risk.
Describe osteoarthritis.
Degenerative joint disease causing cartilage breakdown.
What is osteomyelitis?
Bacterial bone infection.
What are the two main types of fractures?
Simple fracture – Bone breaks without piercing the skin, Compound fracture – Bone breaks and pierces through skin.
What is muscular dystrophy?
Genetic disorder causing progressive muscle weakness.
Describe myasthenia gravis.
Autoimmune disorder causing muscle weakness.
