Respiratory_System_Flashcards_Redone

Question 1

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

To intake oxygen and expel carbon dioxide.

Question 2

Why is understanding respiratory terminology important?

Answer 2

For effective communication in the medical field.

Question 3

What is a word root?

Answer 3

The fundamental part of a medical term, usually indicating a body part or system.

Question 4

What is a combining form (CF)?

Answer 4

A word root plus a combining vowel, often ‘o,’ to ease linkage.

Question 5

What is a prefix?

Answer 5

A word part added at the beginning to modify the term’s meaning.

Question 6

What is a suffix?

Answer 6

A word part added at the end to denote a condition, procedure, or disease.

Question 7

Break down ‘polysomnography.’

Answer 7

Poly- (many) + Somno (sleep) + -graphy (process of recording) = Recording sleep activity.

Question 8

What does a pulmonologist specialize in?

Answer 8

Diseases of the lungs and respiratory system.

Question 9

What does a respiratory therapist do?

Answer 9

Treats patients with breathing or cardiopulmonary disorders.

Question 10

What is dyspnea?

Answer 10

Difficulty or labored breathing.

Question 11

What is the difference between a productive and non-productive cough?

Answer 11

A productive cough produces sputum; a non-productive cough is dry.

Question 12

What is hemoptysis?

Answer 12

Coughing up blood from the respiratory tract.

Question 13

What causes cyanosis?

Answer 13

Low oxygen levels in the blood.

Question 14

What is orthopnea?

Answer 14

Difficulty breathing while lying flat.

Question 15

What are crackles (rales)?

Answer 15

Fine, crackling sounds heard during auscultation, indicating fluid in the alveoli.

Question 16

What does stridor indicate?

Answer 16

Upper airway obstruction.

Question 17

What is percussion used for in a respiratory exam?

Answer 17

To detect fluid or air in the chest by tapping.

Question 18

What do dull sounds on percussion indicate?

Answer 18

Pleural effusion (fluid in the pleural space).

Question 19

What triggers asthma?

Answer 19

Allergens, cold air, exercise, and infections.

Question 20

What are symptoms of COPD?

Answer 20

Persistent cough, sputum production, and dyspnea.

Question 21

What causes pneumonia?

Answer 21

Bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae), viruses, or fungi.

Question 22

What are symptoms of tuberculosis (TB)?

Answer 22

Persistent cough, hemoptysis, night sweats, weight loss, and fever.

Question 23

What is pulmonary embolism (PE)?

Answer 23

Sudden blockage in a lung artery, often due to a blood clot.

Question 24

What causes pleural effusion?

Answer 24

Heart failure, pneumonia, or malignancies.

Question 25

What is pneumothorax?

Answer 25

Air in the pleural space, causing lung collapse.

Question 26

What is bronchiectasis?

Answer 26

Permanent dilation of bronchi due to chronic infection or inflammation.

Question 27

What is sleep apnea?

Answer 27

A sleep disorder causing repeated breathing interruptions.

Question 28

What is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?

Answer 28

Caused by airway blockage.

Question 29

What is lung cancer commonly associated with?

Answer 29

Smoking.

Question 30

What is the function of the nasal cavity?

Answer 30

Filters, warms, and humidifies air.

Question 31

What are the three parts of the pharynx?

Answer 31

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.

Question 32

What is the role of the larynx?

Answer 32

Sound production and preventing food entry into the trachea.

Question 33

What is the trachea?

Answer 33

A tubular structure providing a clear airway to the lungs.

Question 34

What are bronchi?

Answer 34

Main airways branching from the trachea into each lung.

Question 35

What are bronchioles?

Answer 35

Smaller airways branching from bronchi, leading to alveoli.

Question 36

What occurs in alveoli?

Answer 36

Gas exchange between air and blood.

Question 37

How many lobes do the lungs have?

Answer 37

Right lung: three lobes; left lung: two lobes.

Question 38

What is the pleura?

Answer 38

A double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs.

Question 39

What does the pleural cavity contain?

Answer 39

Pleural fluid to reduce friction during breathing.

Question 40

What is the diaphragm?

Answer 40

A muscle that aids in breathing by contracting and relaxing.

Question 41

How is pneumonia diagnosed?

Answer 41

Chest X-ray, sputum culture, and clinical symptoms.

Question 42

What is the treatment for tuberculosis?

Answer 42

Long-term antibiotics like isoniazid and rifampin.

Question 43

How is pulmonary embolism diagnosed?

Answer 43

D-dimer test, CT pulmonary angiography, and leg ultrasound.

Question 44

What is thoracentesis used for?

Answer 44

Draining fluid from the pleural space for analysis.

Question 45

How is sleep apnea diagnosed?

Answer 45

Polysomnography (sleep study).

Question 46

What is CPAP therapy used for?

Answer 46

Treating obstructive sleep apnea.

Question 47

How is pneumothorax treated?

Answer 47

Inserting a chest tube or performing surgery in severe cases.

Question 48

What does auscultation with a stethoscope detect?

Answer 48

Normal breath sounds and adventitious sounds like wheezes or crackles.

Question 49

What is hyperresonance on percussion indicative of?

Answer 49

Trapped air, as seen in emphysema or pneumothorax.

Question 50

What does hemoptysis in a patient suggest?

Answer 50

Possible severe conditions like lung cancer or tuberculosis.