Mutations And Genetic Diseases

Question 1

Mutations

Answer 1

Change in the sequence of bases in the DNA
- most occur naturally or die to radiation
- each change is carried to next generation and inherited by offspring

Question 2

Mutagenic agents

Answer 2

Cause mutations
- high energy radiation such as X rays
- carcinogens are mutations that are known to cause cancer

Question 3

Point mutation

Answer 3

Substitutions of 1 base for another- affects protein functioning

• ATGGG becomes CTGGG

Question 4

Frameshift mutations

Answer 4

Adding/deleting a base during replication, results in an incomplete or altered amino acid chain

• the fox can run becomes ath efo xca nru n

Question 5

What happens if a mutation is in a somatic cell

Answer 5

The cell usually dies
- If these diseases are genetic; the mutation is present in every cell of the offspring

Question 6

5 common diseases

Answer 6

1. Cystic fibrosis- sweat is sticky and plugs lungs
2. Hemophilia- blood doesn’t clot easily
3. Huntington- brain disease that deteriorates muscles chromosome 4
4. Sickle-cell anemia- hemoglobin cells are sickle (banana) shaped
5. Down’s syndrome- trisomy 21 (3 chromosomes)