Mycologie Flashcards
(107 cards)
Quels sont les signes radiologiques typiques de l’aspergillose pulmonaire invasive?
- Halo sign : macronodule entouré d’opacités en verre dépoli (hémorragie alvéolaire)
- Infarctus pulmonaire wedge-shaped
- Signe du croissant : nodule avec croissant d’air (séquestre mycotique)
- Selon EORTC : Dense, well circumscribed lesion with or without halo sign
- Autres : bronchopneumonie, nodule solitaire/multiples, consolidation lobaire, pneumonie cavitaire ou nécrosante (surtout chez les patients très immunosupprimés non-neutropéniques)
Quels sont les signes cutanés bien connus associés à la candidémie ?
- Lésions macronodulaires de 0,5-1cm roses/rouges
- Echtyma gangrenosum
- Purpura fulminans
- Vasculite leucocytique
What are the dermatophytes causing Tinea corporis? First one on the list is the most frequent.
1 = Trichophyton rubrum
Others :
- T.tonsurans
- Microsporum canis (mainly in children)
- T.mentagrophytes
- M.gypseum
- T.violaceum
- M.audouinii (West Asia, North Africa)
What are the dermatophytes causing Tinea pedis?
-T. rubrum
-T. mentagrophytes
- Epidermophyton floccosum
What are the dermatophytes causing onychomycosis?
1 = T.rubrum
- T.mentagrophytes
- E.flocosum
… And others
What is the organism causing trichomycosis axillaryies?
Trick question! Not a fungus, but species of Corynebacterium - often Corynebacterium flavescens.
- Clinical presentation : yellow-white-black sheath like structures on hair shafts, with malodorous nodules.
- Dx : gram stain of hair shafts has numerous GPB and Corynebacteria will grow on culture.
What causes white Piedra?
Trichosporon species :
-T.ovoides
-T.inkin
-T.cutaneum
Acronyme CIO (comme comité international olympique)
What causes black Piedra and in what parts of the world is it seen?
-Piedraia hortae
-Commonly seen in tropics
What can be the “complications” or “clinically variant presentation” of tinea corporis?
- Kerion (intense pustular reaction 2/2 zoophilic fungi): vraiment plus vu en tinea capitis qu’en corporis
- Majocchi granuloma (intense postulo-papular reaction)
What are the organisms causing tinea capitis?
In North America = T.tonsurans
In Europe/Asia = M.canis
What is the treatment of tinea capitis?
Choix #1 = Terbinafine 2-4 semaines
Alternatif : itraconazole ou fluconazole pour 4 semaines
What is the etiology of favus (severe form of tinea capitis with complete destruction of hair shafts)?
Trichophyton schoenleinii
What emerging dermatophyte causing rapidly spreading annular tinea corporis is resistant to terbinafine?
Trichophyton indotineae - treat with itraconazole
What dermatophyte causes endothrix?
T.tonsurans
T.violaceum
T.soudanese
What dermatophyte causes ectothrix?
M.canis
T.verrucosum
M.audouinii
What is in calcofluor white solution and does it kill fungus?
Calcofluor white + Evan’s blue + Distilled water + most of the time KOH
It only kills fungus if there is KOH in solution!
What is in lactophenol cotton blue solution and does it kill fungus?
Lactic acid + phenol crystals + glycerol + cotton blue
The PHENOL CRYSTALS kill the fungus
What dermatophyte will turn the bromocresol purple media a deep purple color (alkanification)?
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
What dermatophyte will cause a positive hair perforation test?
- T.mentagrophytes
- T.terrestre
What are the species of Aspergillus that can be uniseriate
FFG :
- Fumigatus
- Flavus (is both uni and biseriate)
- Glaucus
All other species of Aspergillus are biseriate
What species of Aspergillus produces cleistothecia (sexual state)?
Glaucus(jaune)
Nidulans(rouge)
Why is Aspergillus calidoustus an important emerging pathogen?
Resistant to triazoles and high MICs to Ampho-B
What species of Aspergillus has intrinsic resistance to ampho-B?
A.terreus
Mutation in what gene will lead to azole resistance in Aspergillus?
14-α-demethylase gene, CYP51A, a component of the ergosterol synthesis pathway and the target of the azole antifungals