Mycology (Fungus) Flashcards
(12 cards)
Histoplasmosis
dimorphic fungi: cold = mold; heat = yeast
cause PNEUMONIA
Treatment:
local: fluconazole or itraconazole
systemic: amphotecerin B
Mississippi and Ohio River
Histo Hides within macrophages
bird and bad droppings
Blastomycosis
dimorphic fungi: cold = mold; heat = yeast
cause PNEUMONIA
Treatment:
local: fluconazole or itraconazole
systemic: amphotecerin B
east of Mississippi River and Central America
granulomatous nodules
BROAD-BASE BUDDING
Coccidioidomycosis
dimorphic fungi: cold = mold; heat = spherule
cause PNEUMONIA
Treatment:
local: fluconazole or itraconazole
systemic: amphotecerin B
SW US, CA
spherule larger than RBC filled with endospores
San Joaquin Valley fever
Desert bumps = erythema nodosum
Desert rheumatism = athralgias
Paracoccidioidomycosis
dimorphic fungi: cold = mold; heat = yeast
cause PNEUMONIA
Treatment:
local: fluconazole or itraconazole
systemic: amphotecerin B
Latin America
budding yeast with CAPTAIN WHEEL formation
Tinea dermatophytes
5
cutaneous fungal
branching septate hypase on KOH prep with blue fungal stain
- capitis - head, scalp: alopecia, scaling, LAD
- corporis - body: “ringworm” and central clearing
- cruris - inguinal area
- pedis - interdigital, moccasin, vesicular types
- unguium - onychomyocsis (nails)
Tinea versicolor
Malassezia spp.
damage melanocytes and cause hypopigmented and/or pink patches
common in SUMMER
“spaghetti and meatballs” microscopy
Treatment: topical and/or oral antifungal, selenium sulfide
Candida albicans
OPPORTUNISTIC
oral and esophageal thrush
vulvovaginitis
diaper rash
endocarditis in IV users
Micro: pseudohyphae and budding yeasts
Treatment:
vaginal: fluconazole topical
oral/esophageal: nystatin, fluconazole, caspofungin
systemic: fluconzaole, caspofungin or amphotericin B
Aspergillus fumigatus
OPPORTUNISTIC
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA): associated with asthma and cystic fibrosis
Micro: septate hyphae that branch with Acute Angles
Cryptococcus neoformans
OPPORTUNISTIC - HIV meningitis
heavily encapsulated yeast - budding
soil, pigeon droppings
Sabouraud agar
India ink for CSF
mucicarmine stain for tissues
Latex agglutination test for CSF
“soap bubble” lesions in brain
Mucor and Rhizopus spp.
OPPORTUNISTIC
mucormycosis
ketoacidotic diabetic or neutropenic pts
cx: right angle branching!
proliferate in BV wall, penetrate cribriform plate and enter brain
headache, facial pain, BLACK NECROTIC ESCHAR
Treatment: surgical debridement, amphotecerin B
Pneumocystis jirovecii
OPPORTUNISTIC
CD4 < 200
PCP - diffuse interstitial pneumonia, bilateral ground-glass opacities
yeast-like fungus
inhaled
Dx: lung bx or lavage
disc shaped yeast forms on methenamine silver stain
Treatment: TMP-SMX, pentamidine, dapson ppx, atovaquone ppx
Sporothrix schenckii
Sporotrichosis
“rose gardener’s disease”
local pustule or ulcer with ascending lymphangitis
Treatment: itraconazole or potassium iodide
