Parasitology Flashcards
(25 cards)
Giardia lamblia
Giardisis
Protozoa - GI Infxn
camper/hikers
bloating, flatulence, foul-smelling, fatty diarrhea
Dx: Trophozoites or cysts in stool
Tx: MTZ
Entamoeba histolytica
Amebiasis
Protozoa - GI Infxn
bloody diarrhea
liver abscess - “anchovy paste” exudate, RUQ pain
Dx: cysts in stool
Tx: MTZ, iodoquinol for asx cyst passers
Cryptosporidium
Protozoa - GI Infxn
severe diarrhea in AIDS
Dx: oocysts in acid fast stain
Tx: prevention (filter water); nitazoxanide in IC hosts
Toxoplasma gondii
Toxoplasmosis
Protozoa - CNS
- chorioretinitis
- hydrocephalus
- intracranial calcs
Trans: cysts in meat, oocytes in cat feces, crosses placenta
Dx: serology, biopsy
Tx: sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Naegleria fowleri
Protozoa - CNS
rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis
trans: swimming in freshwater lakes - enters via cribriform plate
Dx: amoebas in spinal fluid
Tx: amphotericin B
Trypanosoma brucei
African sleeping sickness
Protozoa - CNS
enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever, somnolence, coma
Trans: Tsetse fly, painful bite
Dx: blood smear
Tx: Suramin for blood borne; melarsoprol for CNS
Plasmodium
Malaria
Protozoa- Hematologic infxns
fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly
P. vivax/ovale - 48 hr cycle
P. faciparum - irregular
P. malariae - 72 hr cycle
Dx: blood smear, red granules throughout RBC cytoplasm (Schuffner stippling)
Tx:
chloroquine
resistant? mefloquine or atovaquone/proguanil
life threatening? IV quinidine or artesunate (test for G6PD deficiency)
P. vivax/ovale? = primaquine (test for G6PD deficiency)
Babesia
Babesiosis
fever and hemoltyic anemia
trans: Ixodes tick
Dx: “maltese cross”
Tx: atovaquone + azithro
Trypanosoma cruzi
Chagas disease
South America dilated cardiomyopathy with apical atrophy megacolon megaesophagus unilateral periorbital swelling
Trans: kissing bug, painless bite
Dx: blood smear
Tx: benznidazole or nifurtimox
Leishmania donovani
visceral leishmaniasis
spiking fevers
HSM
pancytopenia
Trans: sandfly
Dx: macrophages containing amastigotes
Tx: amphotericin B, Na stibogluconate
Trichomonas Vaginalis
vaginitis
foul-smelling
greenish discharge
itching and burning
sexual transmitted
“strawberry cervix”
Dx: trophozoites motile on wet mount
Tx: MTZ for pt and partner
Enterobius vermcularis (pinworm)
Nematode (roundworm)
Fecal-oral
anal pruritis
Dx: egg via tape test
Tx: bendazoles
Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm)
Nematode (roundworm)
fecal oral
obstruction at ileocecal valve
Tx: bendazole
Strongyloides stercoralis
Nematode (roundworm)
larvae in soil penetrate skin
V/D, epigastric pain
Tx: ivermectin or bendazole
Ancylostoma duodenale, necator americanus (hookworm)
Nematode (roundworm)
larvae penetrate skin
anemia - sucking blood from intestinal walls
Tx: bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Trichinella spiralis
Nematode (roundworm)
Fecal oral
undercooked meat (pork)
Trichinosis - F/V/N, periorbital edema, myalgia
encyst in striated muscle = inflammation of muscle
Onchocerca volvulus
Nematode (roundworm)
female blackfly bite
hyperpigmented skin and river blindness
“black flies, black skin nodules, black sight”
Tx: ivermectin
Loa loa
Nematode (roundworm)
deer, horse, mango fly
swelling in skin, worm in conjunctiva
Tx: diethylcarbamazine
Wuchereria bancrofti
Nematode (roundworm)
female mosquito
Elephantiasis - worms block lymphatic vessels
Tx: diethylcarbamazine
Toxocara canis
Nematode (roundworm)
Fecal oral
visceral larva migrans
Tx: bendazoles
Taenia solium
Cestode (tapeworm)
ingestion from undercooked pork
neurocysticercosis
Tx: praziquantel, albendazole
Diphyllobothrium latum
Cestode (tapeworm)
ingestion from raw freshwater fish
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Tx: praziquantel
Echinococcus granulosus
Cestode (tapeworm)
ingestion from dog feces (sheep intermediate host)
hyatid cysts in liver, daughter cysts
Tx: injected with ethanol or hypertonic saline to kill daughter cysts, albendazole
Schistosoma
Trematodes (flukes)
snails are host
S. mansoni (lateral spine): HSM
S. haematobium (terminal spine): bladder SCC and pulm htn
Tx: praziquantel
