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mycotoxicosis Flashcards

(46 cards)

1
Q

secondary fungal metabolites

A

Mycotoxin

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2
Q

Manifests as acute or chronic
disease, usually tumor formation;
carcinogenic

A

Mycotoxin

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3
Q

PRESENTING SYMPTOMS AND SEVERITY DEPEND ON:

A
  • mycotoxin
  • Amount and duration of exposure
  • Route of exposure
  • Age, sex and health of the exposed individual
  • malnutrition, alcohol
    abuse, infectious disease status, and other toxin
    exposures may act synergistically to compound
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4
Q

is there treatment for mycotoxin?

A

Supportive therapy, there are almost no treatments for
mycotoxin exposure

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5
Q

It is communicable person to person?

A

No

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6
Q

red mold disease

A

Akakabi-byo

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7
Q

MYCETISM also known as

A

mycetismus

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8
Q

Mushroom poisoning

A

MYCETISM

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9
Q

This accounts for the majority of fatal
mushroom poisonings worldwide.

A

Amanita phalloides

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10
Q

Angel of death

A

Amanita phalloides

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11
Q

Result from ingestion of food or feed that contains
mycotoxins.

A

MYCOTOXICOSIS

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12
Q

Variety of mycotoxins are produced by mushrooms
(e.g., Amanita species), and their ingestion results in a
dose-related disease called

A

mycetismus

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13
Q

Most potent, which is peptide elaborated by produced
primarily by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus
parasiticus- other species of aspergillus produce
aflatoxins as well

A

aflatoxin

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14
Q

Acute aflatoxicosis has been manifested in humans as
an

A

acute hepatitis

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15
Q

frequent contaminant of peanuts, corn, grains
and other foods

A

aflatoxin

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16
Q

most potent natural carcinogen
known and is the major aflatoxin produced by toxigenic
strains

A

Aflatoxin B1

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17
Q

toxic alkaloids produced by
the fungus Claviceps purpurea - growing on the fruiting
heads of rye.

A

Ergotoxicosis

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18
Q

structure common to all ergot alkaloids

A

Lysergic acid

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19
Q

What fungus caused Ergotoxicosis

A

Claviceps purpurea

20
Q

Hardened masses of fungal tissue (sclerotia) that are
formed when the fungus invades the floret and replaces
the grain of wheat, barley, or rye

A

ERGOT ALKALOIDS

21
Q

(scabby grain intoxication

22
Q

Toxic metabolites produced by fungi have been used by
primitive tribes for religious, magical and social
purposes.

A

PSYCHOTROPIC AGENTS

23
Q

produced by the Psilocybe species
and other fungi.

A

hallucinogenic agents

24
Q

2 types of Mycotic poisoning

A
  1. Mycetism
  2. Mycotoxicosis
25
It binds to ergosterol in fungal membranes - creating ion channels -leading to leakage and cell death.
Polyenes
26
Polyene membrane damage through
oxidative stress
27
Toxicity of polyenes is reduced by the use
liposomal formulations.
28
administered intravenously (IV) for serious fungal infections and has been the drug of choice for most life-threatening fungal infections
AMPHOTERICIN B (AMB)
29
not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
nystatin
30
used topically, intravaginally, or orally to treat Candida overgrowth or infections of cutaneous or mucosal surfaces
nystatin
31
an antimetabolite converted in fungal cells to 5- fluorouradylic acid - competes with uracil to cause miscoding and disruption of RNA, protein, and DNA synthesis
5-FLUOROCYTOSINE
32
resistance develops quickly if used alone. It is used in combination with amphotericin B or fluconazole for specific infections
-FLUOROCYTOSINE
33
azole drugs with two nitrogen in the azole ring - commonly used for localized surface infection
IMIDAZOLE
34
orally administered but is used only in non–life-threatening fungal infections.
Ketoconazole
35
used topically against dermatophytes and candida spp
Miconazole
36
have a broad spectrum of activity
triazole
37
The most commonly used azoles, include fluconazole, itraconazole, econazole, terconazole, butoconazole, and tioconazole.
triazole
38
azole drugs with three nitrogens in the azole ring
FLUCONAZOLE
39
better systemic activity than the Imidazoles.
FLUCONAZOLE
40
Treatment of mucocutaneous candida infections, non– life-threatening aspergillus infections, moderate or severe histoplasmosis or blastomycosis, and sporotrichosi
ITRACONAZOLE
41
may be effective against other fungi that have developed AMB resistance.
VORICONAZOLE
42
Now a primary drug for treatment of invasive aspergillosis as an alternative to AMB
VORICONAZOLE
43
a newer azole licensed for treatment of Zygomycetes (non-septate fungi) infections.
POSACONAZOLE
44
Inhibit fungal glucan synthesis - leading to a weakened cell wall and cell lysis.
ECHINOCANDINS
45
may be used for dermatophytes and mucosal yeast infections
TOPICAL ANTIFUNGAL
46
example of TOPICAL ANTIFUNGAL
Imidazoles, Allylamines - terbinafine and naftifine, tolnaftate