mycotoxicosis

Question 1

secondary fungal metabolites

Answer 1

Mycotoxin

Question 2

Manifests as acute or chronic
disease, usually tumor formation;
carcinogenic

Answer 2

Mycotoxin

Question 3

PRESENTING SYMPTOMS AND SEVERITY DEPEND ON:

Answer 3

• mycotoxin
• Amount and duration of exposure
• Route of exposure
• Age, sex and health of the exposed individual
• malnutrition, alcohol
  abuse, infectious disease status, and other toxin
  exposures may act synergistically to compound

Question 4

is there treatment for mycotoxin?

Answer 4

Supportive therapy, there are almost no treatments for
mycotoxin exposure

Question 5

It is communicable person to person?

Answer 5

No

Question 6

red mold disease

Answer 6

Akakabi-byo

Question 7

MYCETISM also known as

Answer 7

mycetismus

Question 8

Mushroom poisoning

Answer 8

MYCETISM

Question 9

This accounts for the majority of fatal
mushroom poisonings worldwide.

Answer 9

Amanita phalloides

Question 10

Angel of death

Answer 10

Amanita phalloides

Question 11

Result from ingestion of food or feed that contains
mycotoxins.

Answer 11

MYCOTOXICOSIS

Question 12

Variety of mycotoxins are produced by mushrooms
(e.g., Amanita species), and their ingestion results in a
dose-related disease called

Answer 12

mycetismus

Question 13

Most potent, which is peptide elaborated by produced
primarily by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus
parasiticus- other species of aspergillus produce
aflatoxins as well

Answer 13

aflatoxin

Question 14

Acute aflatoxicosis has been manifested in humans as
an

Answer 14

acute hepatitis

Question 15

frequent contaminant of peanuts, corn, grains
and other foods

Answer 15

aflatoxin

Question 16

most potent natural carcinogen
known and is the major aflatoxin produced by toxigenic
strains

Answer 16

Aflatoxin B1

Question 17

toxic alkaloids produced by
the fungus Claviceps purpurea - growing on the fruiting
heads of rye.

Answer 17

Ergotoxicosis

Question 18

structure common to all ergot alkaloids

Answer 18

Lysergic acid

Question 19

What fungus caused Ergotoxicosis

Answer 19

Claviceps purpurea

Question 20

Hardened masses of fungal tissue (sclerotia) that are
formed when the fungus invades the floret and replaces
the grain of wheat, barley, or rye

Answer 20

ERGOT ALKALOIDS

Question 21

(scabby grain intoxication

Answer 21

Akakabibye

Question 22

Toxic metabolites produced by fungi have been used by
primitive tribes for religious, magical and social
purposes.

Answer 22

PSYCHOTROPIC AGENTS

Question 23

produced by the Psilocybe species
and other fungi.

Answer 23

hallucinogenic agents

Question 24

2 types of Mycotic poisoning

Answer 24

1. Mycetism
2. Mycotoxicosis

Question 25

It binds to ergosterol in fungal membranes - creating ion channels -leading to leakage and cell death.

Answer 25

Polyenes

Question 26

Polyene membrane damage through

Answer 26

oxidative stress

Question 27

Toxicity of polyenes is reduced by the use

Answer 27

liposomal formulations.

Question 28

administered intravenously (IV) for serious fungal infections and has been the drug of choice for most life-threatening fungal infections

Answer 28

AMPHOTERICIN B (AMB)

Question 29

not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 29

nystatin

Question 30

used topically, intravaginally, or orally to treat Candida overgrowth or infections of cutaneous or mucosal surfaces

Answer 30

nystatin

Question 31

an antimetabolite converted in fungal cells to 5- fluorouradylic acid - competes with uracil to cause miscoding and disruption of RNA, protein, and DNA synthesis

Answer 31

5-FLUOROCYTOSINE

Question 32

resistance develops quickly if used alone. It is used in combination with amphotericin B or fluconazole for specific infections

Answer 32

-FLUOROCYTOSINE

Question 33

azole drugs with two nitrogen in the azole ring - commonly used for localized surface infection

Answer 33

IMIDAZOLE

Question 34

orally administered but is used only in non–life-threatening fungal infections.

Answer 34

Ketoconazole

Question 35

used topically against dermatophytes and candida spp

Answer 35

Miconazole

Question 36

have a broad spectrum of activity

Answer 36

triazole

Question 37

The most commonly used azoles, include fluconazole, itraconazole, econazole, terconazole, butoconazole, and tioconazole.

Answer 37

triazole

Question 38

azole drugs with three nitrogens in the azole ring

Answer 38

FLUCONAZOLE

Question 39

better systemic activity than the Imidazoles.

Answer 39

FLUCONAZOLE

Question 40

Treatment of mucocutaneous candida infections, non– life-threatening aspergillus infections, moderate or severe histoplasmosis or blastomycosis, and sporotrichosi

Answer 40

ITRACONAZOLE

Question 41

may be effective against other fungi that have developed AMB resistance.

Answer 41

VORICONAZOLE

Question 42

Now a primary drug for treatment of invasive aspergillosis as an alternative to AMB

Answer 42

VORICONAZOLE

Question 43

a newer azole licensed for treatment of Zygomycetes (non-septate fungi) infections.

Answer 43

POSACONAZOLE

Question 44

Inhibit fungal glucan synthesis - leading to a weakened cell wall and cell lysis.

Answer 44

ECHINOCANDINS

Question 45

may be used for dermatophytes and mucosal yeast infections

Answer 45

TOPICAL ANTIFUNGAL

Question 46

example of TOPICAL ANTIFUNGAL

Answer 46

Imidazoles, Allylamines - terbinafine and naftifine, tolnaftate