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MYCV311 > superficial, cutaneous, and subcutaneous > Flashcards

superficial, cutaneous, and subcutaneous Flashcards

1
Q

Confined to the outermost layer of skin and hair - affect only the cornified layers of the epidermis

A

superficial mycoses

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2
Q

cornified layers means

A

stratum corneum

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3
Q

examples of non-dermatophytic tinea

A

− Tinea versicolor
− Tinea nigra
− White Piedra
− Black Piedra

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4
Q

Tinea versicolor also known as

A

(pityriasis versicolor)

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5
Q

non-dermatophytic tinea also known as

A

dermatomycosis

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6
Q

dermatophytic tinea also known as

A

dermatophytosis

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7
Q

examples of dermatophytic tinea

A

Trichophyton,
Epidermophyton,
MIcrosporum

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8
Q

Characterized by discrete or confluent macular areas of discoloration or depigmentation of the skin

A

tinea versicolor

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9
Q

darkly-pigmented skin

A

pale patches

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10
Q

fair complexion

A

Fawn-colored liver spot

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11
Q

Tinea versicolor most prevalent site of infection

A

face, chest, trunk
and abdomen

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12
Q

Tinea versicolor causative agent

A

Malassezia furfur

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13
Q

Malassezia furfur also known as

A

(Pityrosporum orbiculare)

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14
Q

lypophilic yeast-like fungus - considered part of the cutaneous mycobiota

A

Malassezia

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15
Q

collarettes also known as

A

bud scars

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16
Q

microscopic appearance of tinea versicolor

A

“spaghetti with meatballs appearance”

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17
Q

cream to yellowish, typically smooth to
slightly wrinkled

A

colony of tinea versicolor

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18
Q

wood’s lamp reaction

A

yellow fluorescence of infected body site

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19
Q

causative agent of tinea nigra

A

Hortaea werneckii

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20
Q

Hortaea werneckii formerly known as the

A

Exophialla werneckii

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21
Q

A localized infection of the stratum corneum, particularly of the palms

A

tinea nigra

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22
Q

thick, septate, branching hyphae that
contain a dark pigment

A

microscopic appearance of tinea nigra

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23
Q

shiny, black, and mucoid

A

colony appearance of tinea nigra

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24
Q

Likely contracted by traumatic inoculation of the fungus into the superficial layers of the epidermis

A

tinea nigra

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25
Q

Solitary, irregular, pigmented (brown to black) macules

A

tinea nigra

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26
Q

Occurs in tropical and subtropical regions

A

white piedra

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27
Q

white piedra causative agent

A

Trichosporon beigelli

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28
Q

straw to cream yeast-like,
smooth/wrinkled, dry/moist, velvety

A

colony of white peidra

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29
Q

produce arthroconidia, hyphae, and
blastoconidia

A

white piedra microscopic appearance

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30
Q

implicated in severe
and frequently fatal disease in
immunocompromised hosts

A

Trichosporon asahaii

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31
Q

white piedra infected site

A

(mustaches and beards, on eyelashes and
eyebrows, and in armpit and pubic hair

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32
Q

Characterized by the appearance of firm, irregular nodules along the hair shaft (soft, matte, and surrounds the hair shaft and forms a white to brown swelling along the hair strand.)

A

white piedra

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33
Q

Presence of hard, dark brown to black gritty nodules that are firmly attached to the hair shaft

A

black piedra

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34
Q

black piedra causative agent

A

Piedraia hortae

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35
Q

black piedra colony

A

black-greenish, limited and pointed
colonies

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36
Q

Thick-walled rhomboid cells
containing ascospores are seen

A

microscopic appearance of black piedra

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37
Q

how many ascospores are there in black piedra nodules

A

8

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38
Q

cause destruction of the keratin layers of the skin, hair and nails

A

cutaneous mycoses

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39
Q

Various forms of dermatophytosis are referred to as

A

tinea

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40
Q

Group of closely related filamentous fungi that infect only superficial keratinized tissues—the skin, hair and nails

A

tinea or ringworm

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41
Q

dermatophytosis: tinea capitis
ringworm:
causative agent:

A
  • head, scalp, hair
  • Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum audouinii
    Trichophyton schoenleinii, T.
    mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes

Can i ride a Gyp to Audio School Mental

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42
Q

dermatophytosis: tinea barbae
ringworm:
common name:
causative agent:

A
  • beard and moustache
  • barber’s itch
  • Trichophyton verrucosum, Microsporum canis, T. mentagrophytes var. uguinum

Very Ugly Cat

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43
Q

dermatophytosis: tinea corporis
ringworm:
common name:
causative agent:

A
  • Body (glabrous site)
  • ringworm
  • Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes, Microsporum audouinii, Microsporum canis,

Rub Tons of Gyp to Mental Audio Cans

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44
Q

dermatophytosis: tinea manuum
ringworm:
common name:
causative agent:

A
  • Hand
  • Athlete’s hand
  • Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale, Epidermophyton floccosum

Rub Mental Flock

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45
Q

dermatophytosis: tinea cruris
ringworm:
common name:
causative agent:

A
  • Groin
  • Jock itch
  • Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale, Epidermophyton floccosum

Rub Mental Flock

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46
Q

dermatophytosis: tinea pedis
ringworm:
common name:
causative agent:

A
  • Feet
  • Athlete’s feet
  • Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale, Epidermophyton floccosum

Rub Mental Flock

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47
Q

dermatophytosis: tinea unguium
ringworm:
common name:
causative agent:

A
  • Nails
  • Onychomycosis
  • Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale, Epidermophyton floccosum

Rub Mental Flock

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48
Q

ss: white to cream to deep red (velvety)
rs: yellow brown to wine red
micro: slender cavate to pyriform
macro: smooth, thin walled multi-septate

A

Trichophyton rubrum

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49
Q

Trichophyton rubrum media

A

Potato dextrose agar

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49
Q

ss: white to cream, powdery to granular surface
rs: yellow brown to reddish brown
micro: hyaline, smooth-walled, spherical to subspherical
macro: smooth, thick walled, clavate shaped, multiseptated

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

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49
Q

ss: waxy or suede like with deeply folded honey comb like thallus
rs: no coloration
no micro and macro

A

Trichophyton shoenleinii

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50
Q

ss: flat, greyish to light tan-white, suede like to downy surface
rs: yellow brown to reddish brown
micro: pyriform to clavate
macro: spindle-shaped with 5-15 cells, verrucose, thick walled, have terminal knob

A

Microsporum canis

50
Q

ss: flat, greyish to light tan-white, suede like to downy surface
rs: yellow brown to reddish brown
micro: non-existent
macro: non existent; but for rare occation, thin walled, spiculated, multiseptated

A

Microsporum audouinii

50
Q

ss: cinnamon colored and powdery
rs: light tan to lavender color
micro: rare
macro: thick walled, rough, multiseptated

A

Microsporum gypseum

51
Q

wood’s lamp result for Microsporum audouinii

A

hair fluoresce

52
Q

ss: greenish brown or khaki colored with suede liek surface, raised and folded in centre, submerged in fringe
rs: light tan to lavender
micro: NO MICROCONIDIA
macro: smooth, large, thin walled. multi-septated

A

Epidermophyton floccosum

53
Q

cigar shape

A

Trichophyton rubrum

54
Q

spherical hyaline

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

55
Q

favic chandelier hyphae

A

Trichophyton shoenleinii

56
Q

mouse fur in texture

A

Microsporum audouinii

57
Q

raquet hyphae

A

Epidermophyton floccosum

58
Q

Human beings are the main or only hosts,
may be transmitted directly or indirectly
from person to person

A

Anthropophilic species

59
Q

live in the soil and are occasional
pathogens of both animals and humans,
less pathogenic for human beings

A

Geophilic species:

60
Q

Example of Zoophilic species

A

T. verrucosum in cattle and M. canis in
dogs and cats

61
Q

Example of Anthropophilic species:

A

T. rubrum, M. audouinii and E. floccosum

62
Q

parasitize the hair and skin of animals but
can be transmitted to humans

A

Zoophilic species

63
Q

Example of Geophilic species

A

M. gypseum and T. ajelloi

64
Q

Positive penetration for hair perforation test

A

Microsporum canis

65
Q

Negative penetration for hair perforation test

A

Microsporum equinum

66
Q

arthroconidia are formed on the outside of the hair

A

ectothrix

67
Q

arthroconidia are formed inside the hair

A

endothrix

68
Q

examples of ectothrix

A

M. audouinii, M. canis and T.
mentagrophytes

69
Q

example of endothrix

A

T. tonsurans and T. violaceum

70
Q

hyphae, arthroconidia, and empty spaces
resembling air bubbles (“honeycomb”
pattern) are formed inside the hair

A

favus or favic

71
Q

Introduced traumatically through the skin - deeper
layers of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and
bone - rarely spread to distant organs

A

subcutaneous mycoses

72
Q

source of infection for subcutaneous mycoses

A

Gardening, wood gathering

73
Q

example of subcutaneous mycoses

A

sporotrichosis, chromoblastomycosis, eumycotic
mycetoma, phaeohyphomycosis, subcutaneous
zygomycosis

74
Q

Chromoblastomycosis also known as

A

(Verrucous dermatitidis

75
Q

Infections appear as multiple, large, warty,
“cauliflowerlike” growths

A

Chromoblastomycosis

76
Q

Sclerotic bodies

A

copper colored cells

77
Q

Characterized by the slow development of
progressive granulomatous lesions that in time
induce hyperplasia of the epidermal tissue

A

Chromoblastomycosis

78
Q

Causative agents of Chromoblastomycosis

A

Fonsecaea pedrosoi,
Cladosporium carionii,
Phialophora verrucosa

79
Q

Chromoblastomycosis other name is

A

chromomycosis

80
Q

ss: flat to heaped and folded, suede-like to
downy, olivaceous to black
rs:olivaceous to black
micro: dark brown hyphae and suberect
conidiophores loosely branched

A

Fonsecaea pedrosoi

81
Q

ss: olivaceous-brown to blackishbrown but also sometimes grey, buff or
brown, suede-like to floccose, often
becoming powdery due to the production
of abundant conidia
rs: olivaceous-blac
micro: Dematiaceous hyphomycete forming branched acropetal chains of conidia

A

Cladosporium carionii

82
Q

ss: y dome-shaped, later becoming flat,
suede-like and olivaceous to black in
colour
rs: Phialides are flask-shaped or elliptical with distinctive funnel-shaped, darkly
pigmented collarettes

A

Phialophora verrucosa

83
Q

collar (often cup-shaped) of
outer wall material remaining at the apex of a
phialidic conidiogenous cell

A

colarettes

84
Q

a chronic granulomatous infection that usually involves the lower extremities but may occur in any part of the bod

A

mycetoma

85
Q

gradually progresses to involve the bone, muscle, or other contiguous tissue

A

mycetoma

86
Q

causative agent of mycetoma

A

Scedosporium apiospermum,
Pseudallescheria boydii, Actinomyces spp.,
Nocardia spp.

87
Q

caused by fungi

A

eumycotic

88
Q

caused by actinomyces fungus like bacteria

A

actinomycotic

89
Q

Eumycotic Mycetoma also known as

A

maduromycosis or Madura foot

90
Q

caused by a heterogeneous group of fungi that have septate hyphae

A

Eumycotic Mycetoma

91
Q

distinction determined by the
pigmentation of the infecting agent’s hyphae

A

white grain mycetoma or black
grain mycetoma

92
Q

causative agent of Eumycotic Mycetoma

A

Scedosporium apiospermum,
Scedosporium boydii

93
Q

sperm like conidia

A

Scedosporium apiospermum

94
Q

ss: greyish-white, suede-like to downy
rs: greyish-black reverse
micro: single-celled, pale-brown, broadly clavate to ovoid conidia rounded
above with truncate bases are observed

Larger cleistothecia

A

Scedosporium apiospermum

95
Q

a globose, completely closed fruit
body with no special opening to the outside

A

Cleistothecia

96
Q

require two compatible partners for
mating to occur

A

heterothallic

97
Q

ss: greyish-white, suede-like to downy
rs: greyish-black reverse
Same as Scedosporium apiospermum
micro: Conidia are borne singly or in small
groups on elongate, simple or branched
conidiophores or laterally on hyphae

smaller cleistothecia

A

Scedosporium boydii

98
Q

self-fertile with a single individual
capable of sexual reproduction even in solo
culture

A

homothallic

99
Q

caused by a fungus-like bacteria

A

ACTINOMYCOTIC MYCETOMA

100
Q

term was coined to separate several clinical
infections caused by phaeoid fungi from those
distinct clinical entities known as
chromoblastomycosis

A

PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS

101
Q

clinical forms vary from solitary encapsulated cysts in the subcutaneous tissue to sinusitis to brain abscesses

A

PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS

102
Q

Causative agents of phaeohyphomycosis

A

Exophiala jeanselmei
Wangiella dermatitidis (Exophiala
dermatitidis)
Cladosporium trichoides

103
Q

ss: initially smooth, greenish-grey to
black, mucoid and yeast-like; with age,
often becoming dome-shaped and suedelike in texture
rs: olivaceous-black
micro: Conidiogenous cells are predominantly annellidic and erect

A

Exophiala jeanselmei

104
Q

ss: initially yeast-like and black,
becoming suede-like, olivaceous-grey
with the development of aerial
mycelium with age brown pigment is
often produced in the agar
micro: yeast-like cells are hyaline and thin walled when young becoming darkly
pigmented. flaskshaped to cylindrical annellides are
produced

A

Exophiala dermatitidis (Wangiella dermatitidis)

105
Q

ss: moderately fast growing, olivaceousgrey, suede-like; grow at temperatures up to 40-42C
Microscopic: Conidia are formed in long, sparsely branched, flexuose, acropetal chains from undifferentiated conidiophores

A

Cladosporium trichoides (Caldophialophora bantiana)

106
Q

SPOROTRICHOSIS also know as

A

“Rose Gardener’s disease”

107
Q

primarily a chronic mycotic infection of the cutaneous or subcutaneous tissues and adjacent lymphatics

A

sporotrichosis

108
Q

Example of traumatic injury

A

thorns, splinters, bites,
scratches

109
Q

Example of occupational hazard for sporotrichosis

A

farmers, gardeners, florists, nursery workers, and miners

110
Q

▪ Causative agent of sporotrichosis

A

Sporothrix schenckii complex

111
Q

Sporothrix schenckii complex includes

A
  • S. schenckii sensu strictu
  • S. brasiliensis
  • S. globose
  • S. Mexicana
  • S. luriei
112
Q

ss: slow growing, moist and glabrous,
with a wrinkled and folded surface
Microscopic: Conidia are formed in clusters at the apex of the conidiophore

A

Sporothrix schenkii

113
Q

microscopic appearance of sporothrix schenkii

A

rosette pattern

114
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS ENTOMOPHTHOROMYCOSIS also known as

A

subcutaneous mucormycoses and
zygomycoses

115
Q

Chronic subcutaneous form of mucormycosis that occurs sporadically as a result of traumatic implantation

A

SUBCUTANEOUS ENTOMOPHTHOROMYCOSIS

116
Q

causative agent of subcutaneous entomophthoromycosis

A

Entomophthorales

117
Q

infects children; proximal limbs

A

Basidiobolus ranarum

118
Q

infects adults; facial area

A

Conidiobolus coronatus

119
Q

ss: moderately fast growing at 30C, flat,
yellowish-grey to creamy-grey, glabrous,
becoming radially folded and covered by a
fine, powdery, white surface mycelium
micro: production of “beaked” zygospores. smooth, thick walled zygospores that have two closely appressed beak-like appendages

A

Basidiobolus ranarum

120
Q

unique characteristics of the zygospores of Basidiobolus ranarum

A

beak like appendages

121
Q

ss: flat, cream-coloured, glabrous
becoming radially folded and covered by a
fine, powdery, white surface mycelium
and conidiophores

A

Conidiobolus coronatus

122
Q

Conidiophores forms terminal conidia
which are spherical, single-celled and
have a prominent papilla or protrusion
conidia may also produce hair-like appendages, called villae

A

miroscopic appearance of Conidiobolus coronatus

123
Q

Chronic granulomatous disease characterized by the development of large polyps or wart-like lesions

A

RHINOSPORIDIOSIS

124
Q

▪ Causative agent of rhinosporidiosis

A

Rhinosporidium seeberi

125
Q

Creates wart-like lesions, usually appears in conjunctiva of the eyes and also the nose

A

Rhinosporidium seeberi

MYCV311 (10 decks)

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