N37/N38

Question 1

cerebellar functions

Answer 1

equilibrium and coordination of eye movements
maintenance of posture and muscle tone
coordinating and adjusting motor movements
planning voluntary movements
learned movements

Question 2

Cerebellar assists in movements on the _____ side of the body

Answer 2

ipsilateral

Question 3

3 lobes of cerebellum

Answer 3

anterior, posterior, flocculonodular lobe

Question 4

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 4

spinal cord and inferior olive afferents (some vestibular efferents)

Question 5

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Answer 5

pontocerebellar projection afferents of contralateral pontine nuclei

Question 6

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 6

efferents from deep cerebellar nuclei to thalamus and red nucleus

Question 7

3 layers of cerebellar cortex (grey matter)

Answer 7

molecular layer, purkinje cell layer, granular layer

Question 8

Molecular layer has

Answer 8

cell-free superior layer and purkinje dendrites + granule axons + interneurons

Question 9

Purkinje cell layer has

Answer 9

purkinje cells in single continuous row that project to cerebellar cortex

Question 10

Granular cell layer

Answer 10

granule cells that act as interneurons to EXCITE purkinjes

Question 11

Cerebellar medullary layer

Answer 11

white matter: cerebellar afferents, efferents and deep cerebellar nuclei

Question 12

cerebellar afferents (2 types)

Answer 12

climbing fibers and mossy fibers

Question 13

Climbing fibers

Answer 13

contralateral IO nucleus –> inferior peduncle –> purkinje cell dendrites (carrying training info of movements)

Question 14

Mossy fibers

Answer 14

enter at all sites, include all other afferents, project to granule cells (carry “state” information of muscles)

Question 15

Cerebellar efferents

Answer 15

Purkinje axons to deep cerebellar nuclei, deep cerebellar nuclei –> sup. peduncle –> red nucleus and VLN of the thalamus OR –> juxtarestiform body –> ipsilateral vestibular nuclei and reticular formation

Question 16

4 deep cerebellar nuclei in white matter

Answer 16

fastigial nucleus, globose nucleus, emboliform nucleus, dentate nucleus

Question 17

Mossy fibers

Answer 17

terminate on granule cells–> purkinje cells of molecular layer and collateral branches excite deep cerebellar nuclei (state of muscle)

Question 18

Input to IO from

Answer 18

premotor and primary motor cortices and red nucleus –> IO –> contralateral purkinje cells and collateral branches excite deep cerebellar nuclei (state of muscle)

Question 19

MF and CF to cerebellum are used for

Answer 19

learning and identifying patterns of activity

Question 20

Interneurons

Answer 20

except granule cells, rest are inhibitory

Question 21

Purkinje cells

Answer 21

inhibit deep cerebellar nuclei while collateral branches of MF and CF are excitatory

Question 22

Spinocerebellar tracts

Answer 22

unconscious proprioception and touch information (limb position, joint angle, muscle tension and length)

Question 23

Spinocerebellar tracts for LE

Answer 23

Dorsal and Ventral Spinocerebellar tracts (DSCT and VSCT)

Question 24

Spinocerebellar tracts for UE

Answer 24

Cuneocerebellar tract and Rostral spinocerebellar tract

Question 25

Dorsal Spinocerebellar tract receptors

Answer 25

touch, pressure, and proprioception --> Ia and Ib axons

Question 26

Dorsal Spinocerebellar tract primary neuron

Answer 26

periphery --> medial dorsal root entry zone --> Clarke's nucleus

Question 27

Dorsal Spinocerebellar tract secondary neuron

Answer 27

clarke's nucleus (C8-L2/3) --> ipsilateral DSCT--> inferior cerebellar peduncle -->vermis

Question 28

DSCT conveys

Answer 28

fine coordination of posture and movement of lower limb

Question 29

Ventral Spinocerebellar tract receptors

Answer 29

golgi tendon organs

Question 30

Ventral Spinocerebellar tract primary neuron

Answer 30

type Ib-->DRG -> medial entry zone--> synapse on spinal border cells

Question 31

Ventral Spinocerebellar tract secondary neuron

Answer 31

decussate at anterior white commissure --> VSCT --> superior cerebellar peduncle --> decussate to ipsilateral vermis

Question 32

VSCT conveys

Answer 32

coordinated movement movement and posture of entire lower limb

Question 33

Cuneocerebellar tract receptors

Answer 33

proprioception (muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs)

Question 34

Cuneocerebellar tract primary neuron

Answer 34

Type Ia and Ia --> DRG--> medial entry zone --> fasciculus cuneatus -->synapses on cuneatus nucleus

Question 35

Cuneocerebellar tract secondary neuron

Answer 35

cuneate nucleus (Clarke's nucleus homolog)-->ipsilateral cunceocerebellar tract --> inferior cerebellar peduncle --> vermis

Question 36

Cuneocerebellar tract conveys

Answer 36

fine coordination of posture and movement of UE

Question 37

Rostral Spinocerebellar Tract primary neuron

Answer 37

Type Ib --> DRG --> medial entry zone --> synapse on spinal gray matter

Question 38

Rostral Spinocerebellar Tract secondary neuron

Answer 38

spinal gray matter --> ipsilateral rostral spinocerebellar tract--> inferior cerebellar peduncle --> vermis

Question 39

Rostral Spinocerebellar Tract conveys

Answer 39

coordinated movement movement and posture of entire upper limb (VSCT of lower limb)

Question 40

Vestibulocerebellum

Answer 40

flocculonodular lobe and fastigial nucleus, ipsilaterall vestibular nuclei and responds back via direct or indirect (fastigial/juxtarestiform body) modulation of vestibular function and eye movements

Question 41

Spinocerebellum

Answer 41

Vermis, fastigial, globose, emboliform nuclei, ipsilateral spinal cord, ipsilateral trigeminal, and contralateral M-I, for coordination of planned movement and current position and tone