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1st yr > NA Special Funtions > Flashcards

NA Special Funtions Flashcards

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1
Q

Passage of electrical charge along the neural body (intracellular connection)

A

Nerve conduction

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2
Q

Changes in the internal polarity of the neuron

A

Nerve conduction

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3
Q

Beginning at the body of the neuron and propagating towards the proximal part of the axon until after a certain event triggers conduction of electrical charge towards the terminal axon

A

Nerve conduction

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4
Q

Post axon hillock activation

A

Nerve transmission

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5
Q

Electrical charge travels throughout the entire axon unless facilitated by saltatory conduction

A

Nerve transmission

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6
Q

Reaches terminal knob where certain activities are triggered
Synaptic activities ensures

A

Nerve transmission

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7
Q

Nerve conduction - occurs within the neuron
Nerve transmission - occurs in the synapse; one neuron to another

A

true

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8
Q

Cells were constant changes are always happening due to the multiple and different process that takes place inside and outside of it

A

Dynamic Cell

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9
Q

Electrical charge of the environment and not the direction

A

Polarity

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10
Q

Neutral charge, maybe slightly negative or positive due to the presence of ions

A

Polar

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11
Q

state of the cell when the environment outside is positive while the inside of the cell is negative

A

polar

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12
Q

Electrical charge of the fluid outside the cell
Usually POSITIVE

A

Extracellular polarity

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13
Q

Electrical charge of the fluid inside the cell
Usually NEGATIVE

A

Intracellular polarity

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14
Q

Promoted by the different dynamic processes happening

A

Maintenance of the polarity

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15
Q

why is ICP negative?

A

Large proteins that are negatively charged
Influx and efflux of charged ion particles
Sodium-potassium pump

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16
Q

State of neuron where nothing is happening however dynamic conduction might be occurring

A

Resting Membrane Potential

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17
Q

level that a depolarization must reach for an action potential to occur

A

Threshold of excitation

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18
Q

what is the resting membrane potential

A

-70 mv (-0.07 v)

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19
Q

State of neuron where transmission of electrical charge is happening

A

Action Potential

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20
Q

membrane voltage or potential is determined at any time by the relative ratio of ions, extracellular to intracellular, and the permeability of each ion

A

Action Potential

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21
Q

steps of action potential

A

depolarization
repolarization
resting potential

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21
Q

Ang normal state is negative sa loob, tas dahil bumukas yung Na+ channels papasok yung Na+ kaya magiging positive sa loob

A

depolarization

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21
Q

Sodium ions go inside, so the inside becomes more positive

A

depolarization

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22
Q

To maintain polarity

A

repolarization

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23
Na+ channels are inactivated and additional K+ channels have opened so that the membrane cannot depolarize again
Repolarization
24
Lalabas ang potassium ions (K+) kc masyadong nang positive sa loob kaya stostop na pasok si Na+ and aalis si K+ para mag-balance sila
repolarization
25
Action potential continues to travel down the axon Nag-balance na
Resting potential
26
Process of changing the polarity whether to become more negative or positive from its present polarized state
Polarization
27
Series of changes that occur to a nerve cell that leads to an activation of its function
polarization
28
Process by which neuron regains its negative resting potential Voltage-gated sodium channels will close and potassium channels will open
repolarization
28
Loss of polarization
depolarization
28
Loss of the the difference in charge between the inside and outside of the plasma membrane of nerve cell due to a change in permeability and migration of sodium ions to the interior
depolarization
29
Inhibits action potentials by increasing the stimulus required to move the membrane potential to the action potential threshold
hyperpolarization
29
Change in cell’s membrane potential that makes it more negative
hyperpolarization
29
repolarization is between
+30 to +40 mv
30
Tapos na yung action potential, pero may lumalabas parin na K+, kaya mas negative onti
hyperpolarization
31
Interval of time during which a second action potential can be initiated but initiation will require a greater stimulus than before
Relative Refractory Period
32
Caused by the inactivation gate of the Na+ channel
Relative Refractory Period
33
After na-stimulate yung neuron, may susunod pa na stimulus pero hindi umabot sa threshold level (-55 to -65 mv) kc hindi na-activate yung Na+ channels kaya hindi makapasok yung mga positive ions to reach depolarization
Relative Refractory Period
34
Brief interval after a successful stimulus without a second shock
Absolute Refractory Period
35
To achieve action potential Need to shoot up lahat or at least umabot sa minimum threshold para mag-trigger
all or none principle
36
EPSP
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
36
Change in membrane voltage of a postsynaptic cell following the influx of positively charged ions (NA+) resulting in the activation of ligand-sensitive channels
EPSP
36
Postsynaptic potential that make it more likely to fire an action potential
EPSP
37
Makes postsynaptic neuron less likely to generate an action potential
IPSP
38
IPSP
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
39
in IPSP wat is released?
Cl-
40
2 simultaneous stimuli at different locations cause EPSP that add together Dalawang baril sabay tumira ng bala 2 neurons shot one stimuli at the same time
Spatial Summation
40
2 excitatory stimuli close in time cause EPSPs that add together Isang baril that shot twice One neuron releases 2 stimulus
Temporal Summation
41
saltus
Lt: “leap” or “jump”
41
Propagation of action potentials along myelinated axons from one nodes of Ranvier to another
Saltatory Conduction
42
Increases the conduction velocity of action potentials
Saltatory Conduction
43
Regenerating the action potential between region of the axon that are insulated by myelin
Saltatory Conduction
44
Allows one neuron to communicate with many other neurons in a network
divergence
44
entails the distribution of synapses from an individual neuron onto multiple postsynaptic partners
divergence
45
Allows a neuron to receive input from many neurons in a network
convergence
46
involves multiple neurons providing input onto a common postsynaptic partner
convergence
47
Form of short-term plasticity that enhances synaptic transmission for less than a second
Facilitation
48
Ubiquitous phenomenon thought to play a critical role in information transfer and neural processing
Facilitation
49
Transient increase in synaptic strength that occurs when two or more action potentials invade the presynaptic terminal in close succession
Facilitation
50
Increase in effect of a presynaptic neuron on a postsynaptic neuron caused by a third neuron that makes an axoaxonic synapse with the presynaptic neuron near its terminal button
Facilitation
51
Phenomenon in which a neuron’s response to a stimulus is inhibited by the excitation of a neighboring neuron
Lateral Inhibition
52
Capacity of an excited neuron to reduce the activity of its neighbors
Lateral Inhibition
53
Disables the spreading of action potentials from excited neurons to neighboring neurons in the lateral direction
Lateral Inhibition
53
Message continues to be passed along the next cell
Excitatory neurotransmitters
53
Excitatory neurotransmitters
AANNGHA: Aspartate Adrenaline/Epinephrine Noradrenaline/Norepinephrine Nitric oxide Glutamate Histamine ATP
54
Prevent the chemical message from being passed along any further
Inhibitory neurotransmitters
54
Inhibitory neurotransmitters
GGSD: Glycine GABA Serotonin Dopamine
55
both excitatory and inhibitatory
NNADS: Norepinephrine Neuropeptides Acetylcholine Dopamine Serotonin (mostly inhibitory)
56
3 types of neurotransmitters
ester amino acid amines
57
ester
acetylcholine (learning)
58
amino acid
Glycine GABA Glutamate Aspartate
59
Amines
Catecholamine (Epinephrine Norepinephrine Dopamine) Indolamine (Serotonin Histamine)
60
Fight or flight Increases heart rate and blood flow, leading to physical boost and heightened awareness
adrenaline/epinephrine
61
Concentration Affects attention and responding action in the brain Contracts blood vessels, increasing blood flow
noradrenaline/norepinephrine
62
Calming Improve focus, lower anxiety levels, contributes to motor and vision
GABA
62
Pleasure People repeat behavior that lead to dopamine release
dopamine
62
Mood Well-being and happiness, sleep cycle and digestive regulation
serotonin
63
Learning Thought, learning, and memory. Activates muscle action and associated with attention and awakening
Acetylcholine
64
Memory Most common. Involved in learning and memory. Regulates nerve connections
Glutamate
65
Euphoria Sense of well-being and pain reduction
Endorphins

1st yr (10 decks)

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