neuro ana (embryology) Flashcards by Sofie Dy

telencephalon

cerebrum

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cerebral cortex, amygdala, basal ganglia, hippocampus, olfactory bulb

telencephalon

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mouth-like opening of the archenteron

Blastopore

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gastrulation assigns tasks to the layers of cells. T/F

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Alveolar cells
Thyroid cells
Pancreatic cells

Endoderm

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forms the inner lining of organs

endoderm

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Skin cells of epidermis
Neurons
Pigment cells

Ectoderm

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neural plate bends up and later fuses to form the hollow tube

neurulation process

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serve as the bridge that connects each cerebral hemisphere with the opposite half of the cerebellum.

crus cerebri

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traits, shapes, characteristics, and form that can be observed

Phenotype

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results of meiosis

haploid cells

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(hollow ball) - establish polarity and axes

Blastula

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cell differentiation results from mitosis. T/F

F; meiosis (? di ko sure if tama ba toh)

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segmentation

Body plan

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Cells change their function or phenotype

Cell differentiation

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2 sets of chromosomes

diploid cells

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Form the anterior end of neural tube

Neural folds

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rhombencephalon

metencephalon, myelencephalon

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a longitudinal flexible rod of cells that in the lowest chordates

Notochord

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stages during development

zygote, blastula, gastrulation, body plan, morphanogenesis

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3 primary brain vesicles:

Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon

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cells can travel to certain places where they can
still differentiate into their specific forms

cell migration

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diencephalon

epithalamus, hypothalamus, thalamus

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fluid-filled cavity or the blastula

Blastocoel

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Migrate throughout the embryo and give rise to larger range of cells

Neural crest

Results from 2 haploid cells and turns into a diploid once combined

zygote

deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy

abortion in the ph

cell division producing cells with half of the chromosome strands (23 strands) (1 set)

meiosis

Cardiac and skeletal muscles Tubules of kidney Red blood cells Smooth muscles in the gut

Mesoderm

further develop and differentiate into the brain and the spinal cord of the central nervous system

neurulation process

results of mitosis

diploid cells (4 identical daughter cells)

Medulla Sensory and motor nuclei and pathways Cranial nerve nuclei Caudal end - Spinal cord

Myelencephalon

Formation of specific cells for a specific phenotype

Cell specialization

fertilized egg cell

zygote

Will become the central nervous system

Neural tube

Hollow longitudinal dorsal tube that was formed by the fusion of the neural folds

Neural tube

pregnancy termination prior to 20 weeks' gestation or a fetus born weighing less than 500 g

abortion according to the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and World Health Organization

indent of the neural plate in between the neural folds

Neural groove

cell division producing cells with a complete chromosome set (23 pairs)

mitosis

Ponds Cerebellum

Metencephalon

develops into the organs

mesoderm

consequence of gastrulation

embryonic germ layer

Consequence of morphogenesis

Organogenesis

embryos are what fertilized egg cells called after fertilization. T/F

F; zygote

the irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions or the irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brain stem

RA 7170

from mono to multiple layer

gastrulation

forebrain

prosencephalon

Unborn offspring, 2-8 weeks after conception

embryo

hypophysis cerebri, thalamus

diencephalon

Study of embryos and their development

Embryology

Movement of cell to produce a certain form or shape based on their programming

Morphogenesis

Collection of multipotent stem cells located at the side of the neural tube

Neural crest

prosencephalon

telencephalon, diencephalon

layers of embryonic germ layer

ecto, meso, endoderm

Lateral longitudinal folds of each side of the neural plate When fused will give rise to the neural tube

Neural folds

Consequence of cell differentiation

Cell specialization

relays inhibitory signals to the thalamus and basal nuclei to prevent unwanted body movement

tegmentum

forms the exoskeleton

ectoderm

Specific cells combine to take form that would suit its function (combine to form organ)

Organogenesis

stages of baby

zygote, embryo, fetus

fertilization

conception

mesencephalon

midbrain

8 cell stage

morula

1 set of chromosomes

haploid cells

Portion of the ectoderm that will contain the neural folds and crest during neurulation

Neural plate

cavity at gastrula stage

Archenteron

top when referring to brain and head

dorsal

bottom when referring to brain and head

Ventral

Composed of the brain and the spinal cord

CNS

communicates with sennse organs and voluntary control

somatic ns

Composed of all the nerves outside of the brain and the spinal cord such as the somatic nerves and the cranial nerves i.e. afferent and efferent nerves

PNS

more of a functional division rather than an anatomical division involuntary movement

autonomic ns

communicates with internal organs and glands

autonomic ns

Functions and operations of the different neuroanatomical parts

Functional neuroanatomy

Diseases and other pathological disorders of the different neuroanatomical parts

Clinical neuroanatomy

Macro and microscopic structures of brain

Neuroanatomy

Functions and processes of the brain

Neurophysiology

Drugs and chemicals that alter brain function for treatment purposes

Neuropharmacology

Endogenous chemicals (hormones) produced by the brain or other structures that affects brain functions

Neuroendocrinology

Chemicals that comprises the fluid contents and other parts of the brain

Neurochemistry

Study of diseased or injured brain post death

Neuropathology

Treatment and management of the diseased or injured brain

Neurology

Monitor physiological responses of the body using noninvasive recording and study the resulting psychological consequences

Psychological physiology

Direct manipulation of the brain (invasive) and studying the consequence or effect of manipulation

Physiological psychology

Relationship between anatomy and physiology of the brain How brain enables the mind Executive functions Higher order thinking skills

Cognitive neurosciences

Human cognition Individual components of mental processes can be identified and understood Lower order thinking skills subjective

Cognitive psychology

neuro ana (embryology) Flashcards

(86 cards)