Names

Question 1

Pondered truth, beauty and justice; derived principles by logic

Answer 1

Socrates

Question 2

Abstract, unsystematic philosophy; derived principles by logic

Answer 2

Plato

Question 3

Student of Socrates

Answer 3

Plato

Question 4

Student of Plato

Answer 4

Aristotle

Question 5

Loved data and observations; believed knowledge is not preexisting, that it grows from experience and memories

Answer 5

Aristotle

Question 6

“I think, therefore I am.” Truth is found through reason and deduction; studied how mind and body communicate

Answer 6

Rene Descartes

Question 7

One of the founders of modern science; fascinated by the human mind and its failings

Answer 7

Francis Bacon

Question 8

Believed upon entering the world, humans’ minds are a blank slate; knowledge is not innate

Answer 8

John Locke

Question 9

Believed science could be formed to explain people

Answer 9

Thomas Hobbes

Question 10

In contrast to Locke, believed our minds are active, not passive

Answer 10

Immanuel Kant

Question 11

Founder of psychology; set up first psychological lab at the University of Leipzig; set up first psychological journal; attempted to study and analyze consciousness

Answer 11

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 12

Studied time lapse between hearing a sound and pressing a button

Answer 12

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 13

Founder of structuralism (using introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind)

Answer 13

Edward Titchener

Question 14

Founder of functionalism (focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive and flourish)

Answer 14

William James

Question 15

First female president of APA; researched memory

Answer 15

Mary Calkins

Question 16

First female psychology PhD; 2nd female APA president; researched animal behavior

Answer 16

Margaret Floy Washburn

Question 17

Believed healing ailments came from manipulating body fluids; came up with mesmerism (hypnotism)

Answer 17

Anton Mesmer

Question 18

Believed in phrenology (nature of a person could be known by studying a skull)

Answer 18

Franz Joseph Gall

Question 19

Continued Gall’s work

Answer 19

J. Spurzheim

Question 20

Made evolution a scientifically sound principle

Answer 20

Charles Darwin

Question 21

Created the correlation coefficient; wrote Hereditary Genius

Answer 21

Sir Francis Galton

Question 22

Promoted eugenics (plan for selective human breeding in order to strengthen the species)

Answer 22

Sir Francis Galton

Question 23

Founded experimental psychology (before him, people thought the mind could not be studied empirically)

Answer 23

Gustav Fechner

Question 24

Believed in the existence of specific nerve energies; teacher of Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 24

Johannes Mueller

Question 25

Studied sensation; provided foundation for modern perception research

Answer 25

Hermann von Helmholtz

Question 26

Father of psychology of adaptation; founder of sociology

Answer 26

Herbert Spencer

Question 27

Father of experimental psychology (Wundt of the US)

Answer 27

William James

Question 28

Founded APA (1892) and the American Journal of Psychology (1887)

Answer 28

Stanley Hall

Question 29

Year APA was founded

Answer 29

1892

Question 30

Coined the term “adolescence”

Answer 30

Stanley Hall

Question 31

Famous for reflex arc; foundation for functionalism

Answer 31

John Dewey

Question 32

Opened psychology labs at Penn and Columbia; thought psych should be more scientific than Wundt

Answer 32

James Cattell

Question 33

Researched better care for the mentally ill through hospitalization

Answer 33

Dorothea Dix

Question 34

Famous for classical conditioning

Answer 34

Ivan Pavlov

Question 35

Founded school of behavioralism (psychology is about observing and studying behaviors as people respond to different situations)

Answer 35

John B. Watson

Question 36

Operant conditioning; Skinner Box

Answer 36

B. F. Skinner

Question 37

Law of Effect (precursor of operant conditioning)

Answer 37

Edward Thorndike

Question 38

Founders of the school of Gestalt psychology (in perception, whole is greater than the sum of its parts)

Answer 38

Max Wertheimer
Wolfgang Kohler
Kurt Koffka

Question 39

Psychoanalysis; 3-part structure of mind (id, ego, and super ego); unconscious motivations

Answer 39

Sigmund Freud

Question 40

4-Type Theory of Personality (also known as Individual Theory of Personality)

Answer 40

Alfred Adler

Question 41

Analytic psychology - collective unconscious and archetypes

Answer 41

Carl Gustav Jung

Question 42

Cognitive development in children

Answer 42

Jean Piaget

Question 43

Performance = Drive x Habit

Answer 43

Clark Hull

Question 44

Modified theories of Clark Hull

Answer 44

Kenneth Spence

Question 45

Cognitive maps; Expectancy-Value Theory (Performance = Expectation x Value)

Answer 45

Edward Tolman

Question 46

Founder of ethology; imprinting in ducklings

Answer 46

Konrad Lorenz

Question 47

Client-centered therapy; Humanistic school of thought (emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth)

Answer 47

Carl Rogers

Question 48

Leader of humanistic psychology; hierarchy of needs

Answer 48

Abraham Maslow

Question 49

8 Stage of Psychosocial Development; coined the term “identity crisis”

Answer 49

Erik Erikson

Question 50

Existential psychology; devised logotherapy

Answer 50

Victor Frankl

Question 51

Cognitive therapeutic techniques; Beck Depression Inventory

Answer 51

Aaron Beck