Names Flashcards

(51 cards)

1
Q

Pondered truth, beauty and justice; derived principles by logic

A

Socrates

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2
Q

Abstract, unsystematic philosophy; derived principles by logic

A

Plato

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3
Q

Student of Socrates

A

Plato

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4
Q

Student of Plato

A

Aristotle

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5
Q

Loved data and observations; believed knowledge is not preexisting, that it grows from experience and memories

A

Aristotle

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6
Q

“I think, therefore I am.” Truth is found through reason and deduction; studied how mind and body communicate

A

Rene Descartes

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7
Q

One of the founders of modern science; fascinated by the human mind and its failings

A

Francis Bacon

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8
Q

Believed upon entering the world, humans’ minds are a blank slate; knowledge is not innate

A

John Locke

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9
Q

Believed science could be formed to explain people

A

Thomas Hobbes

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10
Q

In contrast to Locke, believed our minds are active, not passive

A

Immanuel Kant

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11
Q

Founder of psychology; set up first psychological lab at the University of Leipzig; set up first psychological journal; attempted to study and analyze consciousness

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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12
Q

Studied time lapse between hearing a sound and pressing a button

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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13
Q

Founder of structuralism (using introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind)

A

Edward Titchener

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14
Q

Founder of functionalism (focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive and flourish)

A

William James

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15
Q

First female president of APA; researched memory

A

Mary Calkins

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16
Q

First female psychology PhD; 2nd female APA president; researched animal behavior

A

Margaret Floy Washburn

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17
Q

Believed healing ailments came from manipulating body fluids; came up with mesmerism (hypnotism)

A

Anton Mesmer

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18
Q

Believed in phrenology (nature of a person could be known by studying a skull)

A

Franz Joseph Gall

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19
Q

Continued Gall’s work

A

J. Spurzheim

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20
Q

Made evolution a scientifically sound principle

A

Charles Darwin

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21
Q

Created the correlation coefficient; wrote Hereditary Genius

A

Sir Francis Galton

22
Q

Promoted eugenics (plan for selective human breeding in order to strengthen the species)

A

Sir Francis Galton

23
Q

Founded experimental psychology (before him, people thought the mind could not be studied empirically)

A

Gustav Fechner

24
Q

Believed in the existence of specific nerve energies; teacher of Wilhelm Wundt

A

Johannes Mueller

25
Studied sensation; provided foundation for modern perception research
Hermann von Helmholtz
26
Father of psychology of adaptation; founder of sociology
Herbert Spencer
27
Father of experimental psychology (Wundt of the US)
William James
28
Founded APA (1892) and the American Journal of Psychology (1887)
Stanley Hall
29
Year APA was founded
1892
30
Coined the term "adolescence"
Stanley Hall
31
Famous for reflex arc; foundation for functionalism
John Dewey
32
Opened psychology labs at Penn and Columbia; thought psych should be more scientific than Wundt
James Cattell
33
Researched better care for the mentally ill through hospitalization
Dorothea Dix
34
Famous for classical conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
35
Founded school of behavioralism (psychology is about observing and studying behaviors as people respond to different situations)
John B. Watson
36
Operant conditioning; Skinner Box
B. F. Skinner
37
Law of Effect (precursor of operant conditioning)
Edward Thorndike
38
Founders of the school of Gestalt psychology (in perception, whole is greater than the sum of its parts)
Max Wertheimer Wolfgang Kohler Kurt Koffka
39
Psychoanalysis; 3-part structure of mind (id, ego, and super ego); unconscious motivations
Sigmund Freud
40
4-Type Theory of Personality (also known as Individual Theory of Personality)
Alfred Adler
41
Analytic psychology - collective unconscious and archetypes
Carl Gustav Jung
42
Cognitive development in children
Jean Piaget
43
Performance = Drive x Habit
Clark Hull
44
Modified theories of Clark Hull
Kenneth Spence
45
Cognitive maps; Expectancy-Value Theory (Performance = Expectation x Value)
Edward Tolman
46
Founder of ethology; imprinting in ducklings
Konrad Lorenz
47
Client-centered therapy; Humanistic school of thought (emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth)
Carl Rogers
48
Leader of humanistic psychology; hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow
49
8 Stage of Psychosocial Development; coined the term "identity crisis"
Erik Erikson
50
Existential psychology; devised logotherapy
Victor Frankl
51
Cognitive therapeutic techniques; Beck Depression Inventory
Aaron Beck