Nanobiotechnology

Question 1

Integration of nanotechnology with biological sciences to develop tools and systems for diagnostics
and therapeutics at the nanoscale (1–100 nm).

Answer 1

Nanobiotechnology

Question 2

Key Properties of Nanomaterials (3)

Answer 2

High surface area-to-volume ratio
o Enhanced solubility, reactivity, and stability
o Quantum effects at nanoscale dimensions

Question 3

Types of Diagnostic Nanoparticles (4)

Answer 3

Quantum Dots:
Gold Nanoparticles;
Magnetic Nanoparticles;
Silica Nanoparticles:

Question 4

Bioimaging, fluorescence tracking

Answer 4

Quantum Dots:

Question 5

Biosensors, photothermal contrast agents

Answer 5

Gold Nanoparticles:

Question 6

MRI contrast, hyperthermia treatment

Answer 6

Magnetic Nanoparticles:

Question 7

Biomarker detection, multiplexed assays

Answer 7

Silica Nanoparticles:

Question 8

Challenges in Conventional Drug Delivery (3)

Answer 8

o Low selectivity and high systemic toxicity
o Multi-drug resistance (MDR)
o Inability to cross physiological barriers like the blood-brain barrier (BBB)

Question 9

Mechanisms of Nanotechnology-Based Delivery (3)

Answer 9

Passive Targeting;
Active Targeting;
Stimuli-Responsive Systems

Question 10

Enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect

Answer 10

Passive Targeting:

Question 11

Ligand-mediated targeting using antibodies, aptamers, peptides

Answer 11

Active Targeting:

Question 12

pH-, temperature-, and enzyme-sensitive nanocarriers

Answer 12

Stimuli-Responsive Systems:

Question 13

Types of Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy (5)

Answer 13

Liposomes;
Polymeric Nanoparticles;
Dendrimers;
Gold Nanoparticles;
Carbon Nanotubes

Question 14

: Encapsulation of hydrophilic/hydrophobic drugs (e.g., Doxil®)

Answer 14

Liposomes

Question 15

nanocarriers with Controlled release (e.g., PLGA, chitosan)

Answer 15

Polymeric Nanoparticles:

Question 16

: Precision targeting with multivalency

Answer 16

Dendrimers

Question 17

: Used in photothermal therapy

Answer 17

Gold Nanoparticles

Question 18

High drug-loading capacity

Answer 18

Carbon Nanotubes:

Question 19

: Liposomal doxorubicin

Answer 19

Doxil®

Question 20

: Albumin-bound paclitaxel

Answer 20

Abraxane®

Question 21

Delivering genetic material (DNA, mRNA, siRNA) to correct genetic disorders

Answer 21

Gene Therapy

Question 22

Challenges in Conventional Gene Delivery (3)

Answer 22

o Enzymatic degradation of nucleic acids
o Inefficient transfection and cellular uptake
o Immune responses

Question 23

Nanocarriers for Gene Therapy (4)

Answer 23

Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs):
Polymeric Nanoparticles:
Gold Nanoparticles:
Exosome-Mimicking Nanocarriers

Question 24

COVID-19 mRNA vaccines

Answer 24

Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs):

Question 25

: PEI, PLGA for DNA/RNA protection

Answer 25

Polymeric Nanoparticles

Question 26

Transfection and gene imaging

Answer 26

Gold Nanoparticles:

Question 27

Natural delivery systems

Answer 27

Exosome-Mimicking Nanocarriers:

Question 28

__ and ___ systems for delivering CRISPR components

Answer 28

Lipid and polymeric

Question 29

: Dual-function systems for diagnosis and therapy

Answer 29

Theranostics