Nasal and Oral Cavities

Question 1

Nasal Cavities

Answer 1

(1) Vestibule: flared portion of the nose and contains hair follicles- where people stick their fingers
(2) Olfactory region: area above superior choncha, where the cribriform plate is being pierced
(3) Respiratory region: Everything else. Functions to warm and humidify the air

Question 2

Main components of lateral wall of Nasal cavity

Answer 2

Nasal bone, Maxilla, Ethmoid (superior and middle chonchae), Inferior nasal concha, Lacrimal bone, Perpendicular plate of palatine bone (vertical plate)

Question 3

Main components of Nasal septum

Answer 3

Ethmoid bone, Vomer and Cartilaginous Septum

Question 4

Where do all of the nasal cavities drain into?

Answer 4

A series of openings and foramina

Question 5

How do you get to the Pterygopalatine fossa from the nasal cavity?

Answer 5

Via the sphenopalatine foramen

Question 6

How do you get to the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 6

Via the meatal openings

Question 7

The sinuses are named for…

Answer 7

The bone they are associated with

Question 8

The anterior, middle and posterior ethmoidal air cells are named based off of…

Answer 8

Where they drain (either anterior, middle or posterior)

Question 9

Primary function of paranasal sinuses

Answer 9

To warm and humidify the air

Question 10

Location of Maxillary sinus drain in relation to the maxillary sinus

Answer 10

At the very top, which means that fluid must fill or at least move around, in order for it to be drained. Found at the bottom of the semilunar hiatus

Question 11

Relationship between Chonca and meatus

Answer 11

The meatus is the space under the chonca

Question 12

The majority of the openings/ducts are located in which meatus?

Answer 12

The middle meatus

Question 13

What duct is located in the Inferior meatus?

Answer 13

Nasal lacrimal duct

Question 14

Frontal sinus drains where?

Answer 14

Through the frontal nasal duct into the top of the semilunar hiatus

Question 15

Anterior ethmoid air cells drain where?

Answer 15

Anterior region of the semilunar hiatus (middle meatus)

Question 16

Middle ethmoid air cells drain where?

Answer 16

Hole on top of ethmoid bulla (middle meatus)

Question 17

Posterior ethmoid air cells drain where?

Answer 17

In the superior meatus

Question 18

Sphinoid sinus drains where?

Answer 18

In the sphinoethmoidal recess

Question 19

Blood supplies of the Nasal Cavity

Answer 19

Ophthalmic, Maxillary and Facial

Question 20

What arteries run through bridge of nose?

Answer 20

Anterior ethmoid artery (off of the ophthalmic artery).

Question 21

What artery handles the majority of the nasal cavity (entire lateral wall and portion of septum)?

Answer 21

The sphenopalatine artery, which is a branch off the maxillary artery

Question 22

Where in the nose does the facial artery send its branches?

Answer 22

The vestibule (part of nose people stick their finger in)

Question 23

Most common area for nose bleeds

Answer 23

Kiesselbach’s area. Location where Ophthalmic, Maxillary and Facial artery all converge

Question 24

Nerves of Nasal cavity

Answer 24

• Posterior/ Anterior Ethmoidals (branches of ophthalmic)

- Maxillary

Question 25

Most of the nerve function for nasal cavity comes from...

Answer 25

Maxillary nerve branches (lateral nasal branches and the nasopalatine nerve [ on septum side])

Question 26

What gives sensory for the skin behind the front 4 teeth?

Answer 26

Branch off of the nasopalatine nerve (which is a branch off the maxillary nerve)

Question 27

What is located in the pterogopalatine fossa?

Answer 27

(1) Maxillary nerve (V2) (2) Terminating part of Maxillary artery (sphenopalatine artery) (3) Pterygopalatine ganglion (hangs off the maxillary nerve via 2 communicating branches)

Question 28

What runs through the pterygomaxillary fissure?

Answer 28

Sphenopalatine artery (branch of maxillary)

Question 29

If you think of the Pterygopalatine Fossa as a box, what is its roof?

Answer 29

Roof: Foramen rotundum (where maxillary nerve enters)

Question 30

If you think of the Pterygopalatine Fossa as a box, what is its lateral wall?

Answer 30

Lateral Wall: Pterygomaxillary fissure (maxillary artery enters and becomes the Sphenopalatine artery)

Question 31

If you think of the Pterygopalatine Fossa as a box, what is its medial wall?

Answer 31

Sphenopalatine foramen

Question 32

If you think of the Pterygopalatine Fossa as a box, what is its anterior wall?

Answer 32

Inferior orbital fissure (infraorbital nerve runs through here)

Question 33

If you think of the Pterygopalatine Fossa as a box, what is its Posterior wall?

Answer 33

Pterygoid canal (nerve and artery of the pterygoid canal traverse this structure- sympathetics and parasympathetics)

Question 34

If you think of the Pterygopalatine Fossa as a box, what is its floor?

Answer 34

Palatine canal. The greater and lesser palatine nerves run through this. As do the descending palatine artery and the pharyngeal nerve (never seen)

Question 35

What synapses in the Pterygopalatine ganglion

Answer 35

Parasympathetics ONLY. General sensory and sympathetics do not synapse here. They all still go to the same areas though.

Question 36

Function of deep petrosal nerve (sympathetic, parasympathetic, or general sensory?)

Answer 36

Sympathetic

Question 37

The two regions of the oral cavity

Answer 37

- Vestibule (anything between teeth/gum and the lip) | - Oral cavity proper (anything past teeth)

Question 38

Boundaries of the oral cavity

Answer 38

- Roof: Hard/soft palate - Floor: Mylohyoid muscle - Anterior/lateral wall: Teeth - Posterior wall: Palatoglossal fold (beginning of oropharynx)

Question 39

Important bones of Hard Palate

Answer 39

- Anterior 2/3rds: Maxilla | - Posterior 1/3rd: Palatine bone

Question 40

Function of palatine glands

Answer 40

Secretes mucus to ensure the tongue doesn't stick to the roof of the mouth

Question 41

Palatal rugae

Answer 41

The folded rough area behind front four teeth (aka the transverse palatine folds)

Question 42

Incisive foramen leads to the...

Answer 42

nasal cavity

Question 43

Greater palatine foramen leads to...

Answer 43

Hard palate

Question 44

Lesser palatine foramen leads to...

Answer 44

Soft palate

Question 45

Muscles of the soft palate

Answer 45

Come off above soft palate: - Levator veli palatine - Tensor veli palatine Come off below soft palate: - Palatoglossus - Palatopharyngeus -Musculus uvulae

Question 46

Innervation of the muscles of the soft palate

Answer 46

All innervated by the pharyngeal plexus by way of the vagus nerve (CN X) except tensor veli palatine (CN V3)

Question 47

Functions of levator veli palatine and tensor veli palatine muscles

Answer 47

Goes into and elevates soft palate. Tensor loops around pterygoid hamulus and inserts into muscle, tightening the palate. This ensures nothing can get from oral cavity into nose during swallowing.

Question 48

Blood supply to Hard Palate

Answer 48

(1) Greater palatine artery | (2) Septal branch of the sphenopalatine artery

Question 49

Blood supply to the Soft Palate

Answer 49

(1) Lesser Palatine artery | (2) Ascending palatine artery

Question 50

What defines the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

Answer 50

Anything in front of the Foramen Cecum or the vallate papillae

Question 51

Main function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue.

Answer 51

Phonation

Question 52

Main function of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 52

Swallowing and sticking the tongue out to say "ahh"

Question 53

Extrinsic muscles of tongue (and the different attachment points)

Answer 53

Muscles: - Genioglossus- pulls muscle down and sticks it out (Genial tubercle-mandible) - Hyoglossus- rock back of tongue from side to side and helps retract the tongue (Hyoid bone) - Styloglossus- important for swallowing (styloid process) - Palatoglossus

Question 54

What nerves, arteries and ducts "sandwich" the hyoglossus muscle?

Answer 54

Lingual artery is deep to hyoglossus. All the nerves and ducts will be superficial to the hyoglossus (submandibular duct, lingual nerve, hypoglossal nerve). THESE ARE ALL DEEP TO THE MYLOHYOID MUSCLE

Question 55

Duct of the submandibular gland

Answer 55

Sublingual caruncle

Question 56

Submandibular duct can always be found laying on top of...

Answer 56

The sublingual gland

Question 57

The lingual nerve is always associated with what duct?

Answer 57

Submandibular duct

Question 58

Which meatus is part of a separate bone then the other two meati?

Answer 58

The inferior is separate. The Superior and middle are associated with the ethmoid bone.

Question 59

Semilunar hiatus

Answer 59

Crescent-shaped groove in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity just inferior to the ethmoidal bulla. It serves as the location of the openings for the frontal sinus, maxillary sinus and anterior ethmoidal sinus.

Question 60

What runs through the Sphenopalatine foramen?

Answer 60

Sphenopalatine artery Lateral nasal nerve Nasopalatine nerve