Nasal cavities and Paranasal sinuses

Question 1

What are 5 functions of the nasal cavity?

Answer 1

Acts as a patent conduit for air  to be transported to the nasopharynx
Filters air of particulate material
Humidifies air
Warms inspired air in the nasal passage
Sense of smell

Question 2

What are vibrissae?

Answer 2

Small hairs

Question 3

What are the 7 parts of the external nose (surface)?

Answer 3

Root
Dorsum
Tip
Ala
Nostril/Nares
Septum
Philtrum

Question 4

What 7 bones are involved in the nose?

Answer 4

Frontal
Ethmoid
Nasal
Inferior nasal concha
Maxilla
Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
Vomer

Question 5

What is the crista galli?

Answer 5

Upward part of the ethmoid bone that seperates the two hemispheres of the brain

Question 6

How many concha are there?

Answer 6

3

Question 7

Where are the concha found?

Answer 7

Lateral wall of nasal cavities

Question 8

Which concha is a also a bone?

Answer 8

Inferior concha

Question 9

How many Le Fort fractures are there?

Answer 9

3

Question 10

What can Le fort fractures disrupt?

Answer 10

Cribriform plate of ethmoid

Question 11

What can result from Le fort fractures?

Answer 11

Anosmia

Infection

Question 12

What is Anosmia?

Answer 12

Loss of smell

Question 13

What 2 things are involved in the nasal mucosa?

Answer 13

Nasal vestibule

Nasal cavity

Question 14

What type of tissue is the nasal vestibule?

Answer 14

Stratified squamous eptihelium

Question 15

What type of tissue is in the nasal cavity?

Answer 15

Respiratory epithelium

Olfactory epithelium

Question 16

What is olfaction?

Answer 16

Sense of smell

Question 17

What nerve is the olfactory nerve?

Answer 17

CN 1

Question 18

What type of nerve is olfactory?

Answer 18

Special sensory

Question 19

What is the olfactory pathway?

Answer 19

Receptor cells in the olfactory epithelium
Pass up through cribriform plate 
Synapse with olfactory bulb
Then neurons pass along olfactory tract
To temporal lobe and olfactory

Question 20

What is the innervation of the nasal cavity?

Answer 20

Top portion: CN V1

Bottom portion: CN V2

Question 21

What bones are involved in the medial wall of the nasal cavity (septum)?

Answer 21

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
Septal cartilage
Vomer

Question 22

What bones are involved in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

Answer 22

Lateral cartilage
Maxilla
Palantine
S,M,I concha

Question 23

Where is the olfactory bulb in relation to the nose?

Answer 23

Above the nasal cavity

Question 24

What is the origin of the anterior ethmoidal nerve?

Answer 24

Nasociliary

CN V1

Question 25

What does the anterior ethmoidal nerve pass through?

Answer 25

Anterior ethmoidal foramen

Question 26

What is the nasopalatine nerve a branch of?

Answer 26

CN V2

Question 27

What does the nasopalatine nerve pass through?

Answer 27

Sphenopalatine foramen

Question 28

What arteries supply the lateral nasal wall?

Answer 28

``` Anterior ethmidal artery Posterior ethmoidal artery Sphenopalatine artery Greater palatine artery Lateral nasal artery ```

Question 29

What is Kiesselbach's (Little's) area?

Answer 29

Site where anastomosis between the arterial contributions

Question 30

Where is Kiesselbach's area located?

Answer 30

Anteroinferiorly on nasal septum

Question 31

What can irritation of kiesselbach's area lead to?

Answer 31

Epistaxis | Nose bleed

Question 32

What is the name of the space below each nasal concha?

Answer 32

Meatus

Question 33

Label this diagram

Answer 33

INSERT

Question 34

What are concha often referred to as?

Answer 34

Turbinates

Question 35

What do concha do and what does this allow?

Answer 35

Causes turbulent airflow through the nasal cavity | Increases opportunity for humidifying, warming and filtering air

Question 36

How can airflow through the nose be impacted?

Answer 36

Engorgement of the nasal mucosa

Question 37

How often does the side of nasal mucosa engorgement swap?

Answer 37

Every 1-5 hours

Question 38

How many paranasal sinuses does the body have?

Answer 38

4 pairs (bilateral)

Question 39

What are the 4 paranasal sinuses called?

Answer 39

Frontal sinuses Ethmoidal air cells Maxillary sinuses Sphenoid sinuses

Question 40

What lines each sinus?

Answer 40

Respiratory epithelium

Question 41

Where does the sphenoid sinus drain?

Answer 41

Sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 42

Where do the posterior ethmoidal air cells drain?

Answer 42

Superior meatus

Question 43

What drains into the semilunar hiatus of the middle meatus?

Answer 43

Frontal sinus Maxillary sinus Anterior ethmoidal air cells

Question 44

What drains into the ethmoidal bulla of the middle meatus?

Answer 44

Middle ethmoidal air cells

Question 45

What drains into the inferior meatus?

Answer 45

Nasolacrimal duct

Question 46

How does lacrimal fluid drain?

Answer 46

Inferomedially to the nasolacrimal duct which drains into the inferior meatus

Question 47

What is sinusitis?

Answer 47

Inflammation of the mucosa in 1 or more of the paranasal sinuses

Question 48

What are the 3 subtypes off sinusitis?

Answer 48

Acute Sub chronic Chronic

Question 49

What direction do the cilia of respiratory mucosa waft towards?

Answer 49

Ostia

Question 50

What can a viral URTI cause?

Answer 50

Swelling of mucosa, reducing diameter of ostia

Question 51

What can fill sinuses causing pressure to build?

Answer 51

Infected mucous

Question 52

Where can pain from sinusitis be referred?

Answer 52

Teeth

Question 53

Which sinus is predisposed to infection?

Answer 53

Maxillary

Question 54

Why is the maxillary sinus predisposed to infection?

Answer 54

Ostium of maxillary sinus is located superiorly in relation to its cavity Cilia must work against gravity

Question 55

What is an oro-antral fistula?

Answer 55

A communication between maxillary sinus and tooth socket