National Interest and World War One Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
What treaty did Russia sign to exit World War One?
A
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
2
Q
Which war led to the creation of Germany?
A
Franco-Prussian War (1870-71)
A significant conflict in European history.
3
Q
What was the impact of the Napoleonic Wars in the 1800s on nationalism?
A
People wanted to not be controlled by a foreign power
4
Q
Arms Race:
A
the intense competition between countries, particularly Great Britain and Germany, to build up their military, especially their navies, in the years leading up to the war
5
Q
What significant event in 1789 introduced collective consciousness?
A
French Revolution
6
Q
What were the main characteristics of nationalism leading up to WWI?
A
Pride for one’s country, willingness to defend it, rivalries between nations
Nationalism fueled tensions among European powers.
7
Q
What was the War Measures Act?
A
Legislation that gave the government more power to deal with being involved in WW1.
8
Q
Who supported conscription in Canada?
A
- Most English speaking Canadians
- British people
- Wives and mothers
- The Union government
9
Q
What became crucial in determining a nation’s power?
A
The size of the army and navy
10
Q
How did colonialism contribute to the wealth of European empires?
A
Allowed them to become very wealthy, thus having more money to expand
11
Q
What are internment camps?
A
Prison camps for the forcible confinement or detention of a person during wartime.
12
Q
What restrictions were placed on Germany’s military by the Treaty of Versailles?
A
Allowed only 6 ships, no air force, and the main military was disbanded.
13
Q
What event sparked the outbreak of World War One?
A
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
His murder by Gavrilo Princip was pivotal.
14
Q
List reasons for the end of World War One.
A
- Low morale after 4 years of war
- Food shortages and destruction in Europe
- Unsustainable debts from war efforts
- Germany’s failed spring offensive in 1918
- Collapse of the Ottoman Empire
- Internal revolution in Germany
15
Q
Who was Gavrilo Princip?
A
A Serbian nationalist who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand
His actions ignited a series of alliances leading to war.
16
Q
What is the definition of the Battlefront?
A
The areas where soldiers are engaged in combat.
17
Q
What was the first war to use explosive long-range shells, the telegraph, and railways?
A
Crimean War (1853-56)
Also noted for naval battles.
18
Q
What does Security and Safety encompass in national interest?
A
Protecting citizens, securing national borders, resolving differences with treaties or war, ensuring personal safety, and controlling entry into the country
This includes passing relevant laws.
19
Q
What was Canada’s status in foreign affairs in 1914?
A
No control over its foreign affairs, controlled by Britain
This led to immediate involvement in WWI.
20
Q
What was a significant economic shift in Canada during World War One?
A
Canada shifted to a manufacturing powerhouse to create all things needed for war.
21
Q
What was significant about the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05)?
A
First time an Asian power defeated a European one
Indicated a shift in power dynamics in Asia.
22
Q
What were enemy aliens as defined by the War Measures Act?
A
Individuals identified as enemies, including Germans, Turks, Ottomans, Austrians, and Ukrainians.
23
Q
What was a significant result of the Treaty of Versailles for Canada?
A
It proved that Canada is an independent nation.
24
Q
Safety and Security in terms of Canadian national interest in WWI:
A
- protecting Britain and her land
- opportunity to prove itself as a Young Country
25
What was the status of the United States after World War One?
Emerging as the economic, political, and social leader of the world.
26
What was the effect of Germany's military buildup on France?
France began to build their army, which scared the Austro-Hungarians
27
What is imperialism?
The policy of acquiring, controlling and dominating another country or region
28
How did societal expectations change in Canada during World War One?
With men off fighting, women filled jobs left open and some women gained the right to vote.
29
What were the two main alliance systems before WWI?
Triple Alliance and Triple Entente
## Footnote
These alliances involved major powers in Europe.
30
Why did Canada have a seat at the Treaty of Versailles negotiations?
Due to its significant contribution to the Allied victory.
31
Did the United States join the League of Nations?
No.
32
What are examples of Domestic Policy?
* Federal laws
* Aboriginal land claims
* Spending tax revenues
33
# *
isolationism:
a period of
non-involvement in
international affairs and
a focus on internal
issues.
34
Which major empires were growing in Europe since the 1700s?
* France
* Britain
* Russia
* Austria-Hungary
* Germany
* Italy
* Ottoman Empire
35
What were the main divisions among Canadians after World War One?
* Linguistic lines (French vs. English)
* Political lines (Pro vs. Against conscription)
* Economic lines (Workers vs. Owners)
36
What led to the Conscription Crisis of 1917?
The need for more soldiers due to over 100,000 casualties and low morale.
37
Fill in the blank: The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the _______ to World War One.
spark
38
What were some areas of life affected by total war?
* Politics
* School
* Banking
* Groceries
* Industry
* Leisure
* Economies
39
What is conscription?
Mandatory Military Service for all able-bodied men aged 20-45.
40
What happened to Germany's colonies after World War One?
Germany lost all its colonies, which were divided between Britain and France.
41
What distinguishes Domestic Policy from Foreign Policy?
Domestic Policy determines actions within the nation, while Foreign Policy relates to actions with other nation-states or international organizations.
42
imperialism as a cause of world war one:
- conflicts over new colonies for raw materials and strategic locations
43
What is propaganda?
The use of media to influence beliefs, feelings, and emotions to support the idea of the creator (typically the government).
## Footnote
used to advertise war
44
What was the significance of the Easter Riots?
A violent protest over conscription where 4 people were killed, deeply dividing Canada.
45
Propaganda in WWI:
- it tried to convince men to join the war, give money to the government, ration food, or cause fear of the enemy
46
What was the goal of forming a 'Greater Germany'?
To be more powerful together than on their own
47
What impacts can Foreign Policy decisions have?
Short-term effects and long-term effects on people and nations.
48
Triple Alliance:
Alliance between Germany, Austrai-Hungary, Ottomans, and Italy
49
Beliefs and values in terms of Canadian nation interest in WWI:
- majority of Canadians had direct ties to Britain, either born there or had family there
- strong devotion to the mother country
- protecting freedom
50
What was a key reason for the United States' strong position post-World War One?
Minor casualties compared to other countries
- joined late
51
What does imperialism emphasize?
Creating an empire with military focus
## Footnote
Led to conflicts over colonies and resources.
52
What do empires exploit in their controlled regions?
All the resources for financial gain
53
What significant political change occurred in the 1870s?
Unification of new European states
54
What is the definition of the Homefront?
The people who stay in a country and work while that country's soldiers are fighting in a war in a foreign country.
55
What were the conditions under which women could vote for the first time in Canada during World War One?
* Nurses in the military
* Mothers of soldiers
* Wives of soldiers
56
Who were the 'Big Three' at the Treaty of Versailles negotiations?
Britain, France, and the USA.
57
War guilt clause:
Article of the Treaty of Versailles that was a provision that held Germany solely responsible for World War I and its consequences
58
Fill in the blank: The War Measures Act was implemented by _______ in 1914.
[Robert Borden]
59
True or False: Nationalism, National Interest, and Foreign Policies affect and shape each other.
True
60
Name the five MAAIN causes of World War One.
Militarism, Assassination, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism
## Footnote
These factors contributed to the outbreak of the war.
61
What phenomenon describes the rapid stockpiling of weapons between nations?
Arms races
62
Who opposed conscription in Canada?
* The French
* The farmers
63
What area was given to France for mining after World War One?
The Rhineland.
64
What is the Boer War considered to be in relation to WWI?
A prelude to WWI
## Footnote
It was the first modern war using advanced military technology.
65
1. Militarism and the Industrial Revolution(causes of WWI):
- large leaps in innovation, commerce, business, and production
- transition from hand labour to machines
- use of science and engineering to create new machine/weapons
66
What title did Germany aspire to take from Britain?
'A place in the sun'
67
Before 1871, how were countries like Germany and Italy structured?
Individual provinces and kingdoms
68
What territory was returned to France as part of the Treaty of Versailles?
Alsace-Lorraine.
69
What major event occurred in 1848 that showcased the power of nationalism?
The Springtime of the People’s
- a series of unsuccessful but widespread revolutions that occurred across Europe from 1848 to 1849 that showcased growing nationalism
70
How do National Interests evolve over time?
They change based on shifts in opinions and understandings influenced by internal and external forces.
71
What was a key characteristic of World War One in terms of warfare?
Total war, meaning all elements of life were involved and dedicated to the war.
72
Fill in the blank: The war officially ended on _______.
November 11, 1918.
73
What event caused Russia to leave World War One?
The Russian Revolution.
74
What is the primary focus of Economic Prosperity in national interest?
Providing a stable employment and standard of living for citizens
## Footnote
This includes passing laws and making trade treaties.
75
What event marked the official end of World War One?
An Armistice on November 11, 1918.
76
Canadas national unity from world war one:
- Battles: specifically Vimy Ridge, Canadas 100 days, etc. - first time Canada fought as a nation
- War excitement: Canadians rallying behind a common cause
- Lives lost: united through tragedy
- Treaty of Versailles: proves through war that Canada is an independent nation
77
What period did the United States enter after World War One?
A period of Isolationism.
78
Economic reasons in terms of Canadian natoinal interest in WWI:
- Soldiers need food: helpful to the farmers out West
- soldiers need weapons: helpful to manufacturing in the East
- lots of trade between Canada and other allied powers
79
What are examples of Foreign Policy?
* Working with the UN
* Signing treaties
* Human rights
* World health
* Trade relations
* Global environmental issues
80
What major battles contributed to Canada's national unity during World War One?
Vimy Ridge, Canada’s 100 Days.
81
How did the Industrial Revolution impact militarism?
Large leaps in innovation, transition to machines, new weapons
## Footnote
Significantly changed military capabilities.
82
What was the significance of the machine gun in 1913?
A crucial advancement in military technology
## Footnote
Its use changed warfare strategies.
83
Triple Entente:
alliance comprides of Russia, France, and Great Britain(with colonies)
84
What was the outcome of the Springtime of the People’s?
Very unsuccessful, but showed the power of nationalism
85
What did the Treaty of Versailles require Germany to do?
Take all the blame for World War One and pay for all damages.
86
True or False: Many Canadians were enthusiastic about joining World War One.
False
## Footnote
There were significant reservations and disconnect from the war.
87
What period did nationalism spread aggressively across Europe?
1789-1914
88
What can motivate a country to change its national interest?
Events both within and outside of a country.
89
Fill in the blank: National Interest is driven by _______.
[Economic Prosperity, Security and Safety, Beliefs and Values]
90
What sacrifices were expected from citizens during the war?
* Life: Go and fight for your country
* Money: Purchase victory bonds
* Food: Follow rationing
91
What was the significance of the Battle of Vimy Ridge?
Considered Canada’s greatest battle
- symbol for nation building
## Footnote
It marked a pivotal moment in Canadian military history.
92
What was the relationship between industrialization and militarism?
Industrialization enabled the building of weapons to support empires
93
What military technologies were emphasized during the Boer War?
Rifles, long range artillery, machine guns, concentration camps
## Footnote
Demonstrated the modern nature of warfare.
94
What was Austria-Hungary's ultimatum to Serbia?
Detailed demands that included suppressing nationalist organizations and allowing Austro-Hungarian officials into Serbia
## Footnote
It was a critical moment in escalating tensions.
95
What were Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points focused on?
14 points of peace
* Open communication between nations
* Open diplomacy
* Creation of the League of Nations
96
What were some Canadian national interests in World War One?
Beliefs and values, economic reasons, safety and security
## Footnote
Many Canadians felt strong ties to Britain.
97
What powers did the War Measures Act grant the government?
* Censorship and control of publications
* Control over communications
* Arrests, detention, and deportations without cause
* Taking personal belongings without a warrant
* Creating laws by order-in-council
98
What was the League of Nations?
An international organization created as part of the Treaty of Versailles.
- prevent future wars
- an international organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, created after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes.
99
What does the Beliefs and Values aspect of National Interest involve?
Affirming and promoting citizens' cultures, values, beliefs, and ensuring a standard quality of life
## Footnote
It also includes respecting shared world views, language, and traditions.
100
What are the three main drivers of National Interest?
* Economic Prosperity
* Security and Safety
* Beliefs and Values
101
# -
rise of nationalism as a cause of world war one:
- regainin/adding land to the nation(uniting people and expanding colonies)
- status; nations want their chance to be a "great power"
- develop a new sense of pride for your country that people were willing to die to defend
- rivalries between nations
102
Canada's 100 days:
the Canadian Corps, along with other Allied forces, launched a series of decisive offensives that ultimately led to the end of World War I.
- helped Canadian nationalism
- earned nefound respect and recognition
103
What was a major consequence of the United States not joining the League of Nations?
The League lost legitimacy and was not taken seriously.
104
What led to the creation of independent Balkan states?
Russo-Turkish War (1877-78)
## Footnote
A conflict that had lasting impacts on the region.
105
What was the total cost of damages Germany was required to pay according to the Treaty of Versailles?
132 billion Gold Marks.
106
What did woodrow wilson advocate for with his 14 points?
- open and transparent diplomacy
- freedom of the seas would prohibit trade barriers and boost world economies
- impartial decisions about colonies
- communist regime in Russia should be allowed to establish its own government without interference
- supported independence, fench liberatoins, and recovery of Alsace-Lorraine
- League of Nations
107
who opposed the 14 points?
- French and England
- many said that the points were wilsons attempt to improve morale and encourage the allied forces to achieve fictory
- they didnt like his provisions on freedom of the seas and war reparatoins
- this forced wilson to alter his points
108
who supported woodrows 14 points?
- Prince Maimilian, germanys imperian chancellor
109
Why did USA not join to League of Nations?
- many senators objected to joining because they thought membership would obligate american soldiers to fight in forein wars
110
what was the main goal of woodrow wilsons 14 points?
enduring lasting world peace after the war by promoting:
- self determination
- open diplomacy
- open communication between nations
- free trade
- freedom of the seas
- league of nations
- fair decisions about colonies
111
how did canadas 100 days help create a sense of national identity?
- proved themselves as an independent nation
- earned recognition and respect
- showed canadian strength and unity
