Nausea Flashcards
When are antiemetics prescribed?
When the cause is known
Prescribing antiemetics without knowing the cause can delay diagnosis, especially in children.
What conditions are antihistamines used for?
Vomiting resulting from many underlying conditions and motion sickness
Antihistamines are effective for various types of nausea.
What is cyclizine used for?
Post-operative nausea and vomiting, Meniere’s disease
Cyclizine is particularly effective in these scenarios.
How do phenothiazines work?
By blocking the chemoreceptor trigger zone
Phenothiazines act centrally to reduce nausea.
What severe reactions can occur with phenothiazines?
Severe dystonic reactions
These reactions are particularly common in children.
What is prochlorperazine used for?
Chemo-induced and radiation-induced nausea and vomiting
Effective in managing nausea in cancer patients.
What medications are used in palliative care for nausea?
Haloperidol and levopromazine
These are specifically used to manage nausea and vomiting in terminal illness.
What is the function of metoclopramide?
Stimulates gastric emptying and resembles phenothiazines
It is effective in treating nausea.
Why is domperidone preferred over phenothiazines?
Less likely to cause central effects such as sedation and dystonic reactions
Domperidone does not cross the blood-brain barrier.
In which conditions is domperidone contraindicated?
Cardiac issues and hepatic issues
Caution is required due to potential side effects.
What are 5-HT3 antagonists used for?
Nausea and vomiting in chemo and cytotoxics
Includes granisetron, ondansetron, dexamethasone, and aripiprant.
What is nabilone used for?
Add-on for chemo-induced nausea and vomiting as a last option
It is considered when other treatments are ineffective.
What medication is used for motion sickness?
Hyoscine hydrobromide
Effective in preventing and treating motion sickness.
When does nausea and vomiting typically resolve in pregnancy?
Within 16-20 weeks
This condition is common in the first trimester.
What are the pharmacological options for nausea in pregnancy?
Chlorpromazine, cyclizine, metoclopramide, prochlorperazine, promethazine, ondasetron
These medications can be considered for treatment.
How long should metoclopramide be prescribed?
Only for 5 days
Due to the risk of neurological effects.
What is hyperemesis gravidarum?
A more serious sickness in pregnancy requiring IV fluids and electrolyte replacement
It is a severe form of nausea and vomiting.
What medications are used in terminal illness for nausea?
Levopromazine and haloperidol
These help manage nausea in patients with terminal conditions.
What is the role of dexamethasone in nausea treatment?
Used in chemo and can be combined with a 5-HT3 antagonist or aripiprant
It enhances the effectiveness of nausea treatments.
What is the risk associated with domperidone?
Cardiac side effects
Patients should report symptoms of arrhythmia.
For what conditions is metoclopramide used?
Short-term only due to neurological adverse effects
It is not recommended for long-term use.
What is the age restriction for promethazine?
Not used in children below 6
It should not be given over-the-counter with certain products.
