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HERC REVISION > NAV/COMMS > Flashcards

NAV/COMMS Flashcards

NAVAIDS, COMMS, SATCOM

1
Q

Describe three ways to zeroise the AN/ARC-210 VHF/UHF?

A

1) master zeroise switch on misc. switch panel on centre pedestal (power must be supplied to RT).
2) use discreet selection on the zeroise page of the mcdu.
3) guarded v/uhf zeroise switch at nav station

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2
Q

What frequency band are havequick and sincgars on?

A

Havequick-UHF

Sincgars-VHF

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3
Q

What is the VHF data radio (VDR) channel spacing?

A

25kHz

8.33kHz

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4
Q

What are the requirements to transmit data on VDR?

A

Rotate large ring of tune knob until ‘data’ displays on the VDR LCD display screen, push transfer button to move to upper row (active). Data transmit will not work if ‘data’ shown on both screens.

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5
Q

How many EXCAPS are there and where are they?

A

8 EXCAPs

  • pilot side shelf
  • copilot side shelf
  • flight instructor, LH distribution panel
  • flight engineer, overhead panel
  • navigator station, RHS
  • navigator console, bunk
  • load master 1, FWD LH cargo compartment
  • loadmasters 2, AFT LH cargo compartment
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6
Q

What is the ICU used for? (Explain)

A
  • interprets and formats inputs from the excaps
  • provides redundant processing of excaps or monitored systems
  • forwards these commands to functions responsible for implementing them
  • aural/audio advisory and warning tones available at each EXCAP
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7
Q

What happens if all ICSs fail?

A

Operators will be connected to the designated backup radios (backup mode operation) pilot-v/uhf1 VOR 1 copilot- hf2 VOR 2.

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8
Q

What navaids do the multi-mode receivers work with?

A

VOR, ILS and Marker Beacon receiver functionality

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9
Q

The TACAN 2 shares 2 antennas with the…?

A

V/UHF system with high pass filters to prevent interference

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10
Q

TACANs can get certain information in _____ tuning mode, what is it?

A

Paired tuning mode.

When paired mode selected using onside VOR, distance can be provided by the onside VOR/DME station.

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11
Q

Where would you find notifications of a TACAN failure and what is displayed?

A

CBIT/IBIT/PBIT-(With failure) Tacan activates RT fault flag,

system BIT fault message in system status page, equipment history page, IBIT results page and scratchpad of the MCDU

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12
Q

What are the various operating modes of the Tacan?

A

Transmit/receive (A-G) TX/RX- relative bearing from received surface beacon fundamental bearing.
Receive (A-G) RX- both bearing and distance, calculates slant range distance, range rate and time to station.
Receive (A-A) A/A RX- receives and computes bearing info from airborne beacons, transmitter inhibited.
Transmit/receive (A-A) A/A TX/RX-As above but with TX generating signals similar to surface beacon however single pulse. Cooperating a/c can get distance and bearing if equipped with bearing producing equipment.

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13
Q

Where is the information for the ADF displayed?

A

Data from ADF is displayed on PFD (pointers selected title) and or ND (frequency and idents bottom left or right) with pointer selection on DCP (available in TACAN, VOR or approach mode).
Also on NAV RADIO pg of MCDU.

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14
Q

How long is the initialisation process for the HF RT system (BIT)?

A

3 mins

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15
Q

When you receive the MSG “active link” what do you do?

A

press “abort send”

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16
Q

What should the operator ensure before performing a BIT (HF)?

A

Personnel are not working on external skin
Aircraft is 200ft from: aviation fuel storage areas, aircraft with open fuel lines/systems, ground refuelling of aircraft.
Due to high RF voltage build up.

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17
Q

What are the maximum theoretical drift rates?

A
  1. 8nm/hr for pure INS solutions

0. 3nm/hr for blended GPS/INU solutions

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18
Q

What are the various EHE-FOMs

A

1-<=25m

2-25m

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19
Q

Does the EGI (GPS) Positioning Service use PPS mode or SPS mode?

A

Default is SPS (standard positioning service) intended for civilian use and endorsed by FAA for use in civil airspace PPS (precise positioning service) is able to be used when keyed with valid crypto keys however we are not certified to use.

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20
Q

What are the four steps to perform stored heading EGI alignment?

A

1) gyro-compass alignment must be performed prior to powering down the aircraft and INU must reach NAV READY prior to power down.
2) must select ‘inhibit’
3) these stored values are used at next power up (alignment under one minute)
4) must select stored heading mode as alignment mode in INU control page

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21
Q

What are the 7 EGI modes

T/S/O/G/S/I/N

A 
Test
Standby
Orient
Gyro Compass alignment
Stored heading alignment
In flight alignment
Navigation and degraded navigation
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22
Q

What does an EGI in flight alignment require?

A

GPS FOM 4 or less.
Aircraft in S&L and un-accelerated
up to 10 minutes.

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23
Q

What should be done prior to using position to align INUs?

A

Check position is accurate prior to down selection or entering.

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24
Q

When can you perform an IBIT for the EGIs?

A

EGI can be commanded into test mode (IBIT) but only from standby or orient modes.

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25
Q

different types of RAIM display?

A
  • GPS predictive RAIM (pg)-
  • Automatic RAIM prediction-
  • Waypoint RAIM
  • Flight plan RAIM(pg)
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26
Q

What are the 5 types of Nav mode solutions?

A 
Blended INU/GPS
INU-Only
GPS-Only
INU/Radio: RHO-RHO (TACANs) RHO-THETA (a paired TACAN w VOR)
No
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27
Q

When and how do you update the INU position?

A

When INU distance display is significantly different to INU/GPS or GPS position, however not when INU is being used for navigation solution.

1) INU control page LSK L5 for Update page
2) update from either overfly of Navaid, associated GPS or operator entered position
3) use freeze function to note position difference value of INU/GPS position above LSK R5
4) if correct press accept, if wrong press clear and try w different source.

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28
Q

When do you get RNP messages and why?

A 
RNP Unable-
ANP=> 2 x RNP
An SP fails
An EGI fails
RNP exceed-
TSE exceeds value for RNP
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29
Q

What should be ensured with regards to the ALE and why? (Automatic link establishment)

A 
with-
HF antenna
RF output terminal on the antenna coupler
Antenna lead in wire
Insulated feed through

Because serious RF burns can result for contact when system transmitting (which is done automatically in response to ALE calls without operator intervention).

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30
Q

MILSATCOM safety distance?

A

20ft

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31
Q

What ACARS message will you recieve if your IFF is switched to off?

A

“ICAO address unavailable”

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32
Q

What are the satellite requirements for RAIM (C-130 LEP specific)?

A

Can track up to 12 Satellites at any time, needs minimum of 5 for RAIM prediction but only 4 if using baro aiding as barometric info is not required from a 5th satellite.

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33
Q

What are the default RNP values?
Enroute-RNP
Terminal-RNP
Approach-RNP

A

Enroute-RNP 4
Terminal-RNP 1
Approach-RNP 0.3

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34
Q

Blended integrity protection

A

EGIs are capable of performing RAIM (receiver autonomous integrity monitoring)

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35
Q

Aircraft to aircraft chat frequencies;

  • NZ
  • Asia/pacific
A
  • NZ: 128.95

- Asia/pacific: 123.45

36
Q

Nav Alt changes role

A

Call;
- 1TG
- “approaching (200 ft TG)
IF NOT CAPTURED BY PILOT

37
Q

Navaids settings

A
  • Should be MANUAL/PAIRED except when the VOR/DMEs aren’t co-located, then PAIRING should be OFF
  • Navaids to be Idented before use for approach
  • NOTAMed U/S Navaids to be inhibited
38
Q

What are the nav radio & sensor subsystems

A
  • GPS/EGI x2
  • 2x DADC (Digital air data computers)’
  • 2x TACANs
  • RADALT
  • VHF/UHF DF reciever
  • 2x ADF recievers
  • Associated control panels
  • 2x SPs
39
Q

What does an AMBER ATTn on the PFD mean

A

Both PFDs are on the same source (no redundancy)

40
Q

What does an WHITE ATTn/m on the PFD mean

A

Both PFDs are off-side, abnormal but still have redundancy

41
Q

What is the MMR & what is it’s function

A

Multi-mode reciever

provides VOR, ILS & MB receiver functionality

42
Q

What is the DADC & what does it provide & where does it provide these to?

A

Digital air data computers x2 & TAT probe

  • Airspeed
  • Mach
  • Vertical speed
  • Alt
  • TAT & SAT

AFCPs, SPs, EGPWS, IFF

43
Q

What does an AMBER ADCn on the PFD mean

A

Both PFDs are on the same DADC source (no independence)

44
Q

What does an WHITE ADCn/m on the PFD mean

A

Both PFDs are offside but redundancy is maintained

45
Q

What are the 4 TACAN modes

A
  • TX/RX Air-Ground
  • RX only Air-Ground
  • TX/RX air-air
  • Rx only air-air
46
Q

What is the RADALT function

A

Provides accurate height measurements above terrain between 0-8000ft AGL

47
Q

What is the function of the V/UDF Direction finder

What are the SAR freqs

A

Directs signals from VHF & UHF freq bands & gives relative bearings to the signal.

  • 121.5
  • 243
  • 406
48
Q

VOR One liner

A
  • Uses Space waves (LOS) and gives a radial/bearing worked out by PHASE COMPARISON between an omnidirectional reference burst and a variable rotating beam which pinpoints the a/c.
  • The two beams are in phase at north and get 90 deg out of phase at E/S/W.
49
Q

ADF/NDB One liner

A

NDB ground system (omnidirectional ground wave beam) is used by the ADF a/c system so that the a/c can establish its bearing relative to that station.

50
Q

ILS One liner

A

Provides instrument and precision approaches by giving vertical and lateral guidance down to 0ft. Used in bad weather and busy airports

51
Q

TACAN One liner

A

Is a single display of bearing and distance from a ground or airborne station through the use of space waves and DME.

  • 1 x reference antenna (omnidirectional burst)
  • 1 x reflector (primary burst)
  • 9 x directors (secondary bursts)
52
Q

One liner for Multi-channel SATCOM (MCS 4000)

A

mobile comms & avionics system that provides continuous worldwide voice & data comms through INMARSAT satellite system

53
Q

What 4 categories of comms does thr SATCOM system accomodate

A
  • ATC
  • Aeronautical operation control
  • Aeronautical administrative comms
  • Aeronautical passenger comms
54
Q

What 3 subsystems make up SATCOM

A
  • A/C earth station (avionics & antenna)
  • Space segment (satellite)
  • Ground earth station
55
Q

What four regions does INMARSAT cover?

A
  • Pacific
  • Atlantic East
  • Atlantic West
  • Indian ocean
56
Q

Where can you terminate a SATCOM call?

A

The SATCOM/CMU panel at the NAV station or via the MCDU pages

57
Q

Basic outline of how SATCOM works (a/c - ground)

A

Accepts data & voice signals, encodes the Modulates the info onto RF carrier freq. transmits to a ground station via a satellite

58
Q

WARNING associated with SATCOM

A

Do not operate with pers within 8.5ft of antenna

When doing tests, pers should be a min of 20ft

59
Q

what is SATCOM listed as on the EXCAP

A

CSAT

60
Q

Communication management unti (CMU) one liner

A

Supports datalink services (interfaces with SPs, MCDU, HF, SATCOM, VHF radios via the AIRNC data bus)

61
Q

How do you know when you have a datalink
message
Where would you access?

A

BLUE “DL MSG” on button & audio “datalink, datalink”

ACARS page

62
Q

in the datalink manager page, what frequencies can you switch VHF readio between

A

8.33 Khz & 25KHz

63
Q

What is the frequency range for VHF/UHF

A

30-399.975 MHz

64
Q

What is something to note WRT the V/UHF antennas

A

They are shared with the #2 TACAN system

65
Q

Where is the MILSATCOM zeroise switch located

what are the 2 other options?

A

Misc switch panel forward pedestal

  • MCDU
  • guarded V/UHF zeroise switch at Nav station
66
Q

V/UHF freqs increments

A

8.33 KHz

67
Q

VHF Data radio one-line

2 x functions?

A

An airborne VHF digital communications transciever that performs two functions;

  • Standard AM voice transciever
  • Data transciever (CPDLC)
68
Q

What 3 main functions does the HF system provide

A
  • HF datalink
  • Automatic link establishment
  • SELCAL
69
Q

How long does the RT take to power up

A

3mins to PU & initialise

70
Q

What is a general rule wrt HF frequencies

A
  • Sun in the sky, frequency high.
71
Q

What is a catch with regards to recieving a SELCAL & then wanting to change frequencies

A

ABORT send must be selected in the HF control page

72
Q

What V/UHF antennas do we have, what are they shared by?

A

Two antenna, one each for the V/UHF #1 and #2 systems, shared by the #2 TACAN system

73
Q

WARNING associated with SATCOM antenna

A

All personnel should be a minimum of 20ft from the SATCOM antenna when performing radio checks. Serious RF burns can result from contact with the antenna whilst transmitting.

74
Q
  • What VDR selections can be made
  • What frq needs to be set to enable CPDLC?
  • What is the caveat?
A

Data & Voice
A “data” frq

Both VDRs can’t be selected to data at the same tim

75
Q

When HF system is turned on, how long is needed until it can be used?

A

When the RT is powered on through the FMS and requires a three minute initialisation process before it can be used

76
Q

WARNING associated with the HF BIT (2 parts & 3 condxns)

A
  • Do not transmit or perform BIT when a/c is on the ground and personnel are working on external skin SFC. (High voltage can build up)
  • Ground transmit operation of the HF radio system, including BIT is prohibited unless the a/c is 200ft or more from the following;
  1. Aviation fuel storage areas
  2. A/c with open fuel lines/system
  3. ground refuelling of a/c
77
Q

What are the steps required to perform a stored HDG alignment (4)

A
  • “Fast inertial alignment mode” selected on MCDU
  • INU must reach NAV READY before power down & INHIBIT must be selected
  • Do not move the aircraft
  • Must select SH in mode select of INU control page
78
Q

to use the FLIGHT PLAN RAIM PAGE, what criteria must be met to achieve predictive RAIM? (5)

A
  • GPS receiver is operational
  • Route is active
  • Performance has been initialised
  • a/c is not airbourne
  • Predictive RAIM is not being computed
79
Q

What are the different navaids that can be selected by the MMR?

A
  • VOR (1 & 2)
  • ILS (1 & 2)
  • Marker beacon
80
Q

What are the 4 available TACAN modes of operation?

A
  • Transmit & receive Air-Ground
  • Receive only Air-Ground
  • Receive only Air-Air
  • Transmit & receive Air-Air
81
Q

EXCAPS backup function - how does it work & what does it give you?

A

Operators are connected to the designed backup radios;
- Pilot: V/UHF1 & VOR1

  • Copilot: HF2 & VOR2
82
Q

If IFF is switched off, what may not be available?

A

ACARS ICAO addresses

83
Q

TACAN antennas - location

A

TACAN #1: upper & lower fuselage

TACAN #2: Shared with both V/UHF antenna

84
Q

How do the EGIs maintain their integrity?

What will they do if outside of tolerances?

A
  • GPS receivers in the EGIs are capable of performing RAIM checks to assess a/c ability to operate under RNP constraints
  • The FMF will alert the crew
85
Q

What should you check before updating INU position in flight?

A

Ensure the INU being updated isnt part of the solution being used for navigation

HERC REVISION (14 decks)

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