Navigation

Question 1

Types of aeronautical charts

Answer 1

Sectional
VFR terminal area (Class B)
World aeronautical

Question 2

Variation

Answer 2

Angle between true north and magnetic north
Shown as broken magenta lines = isogonic lines
Agonic line = no variation between TN and MN

Question 3

Flying an accurate course

Answer 3

TC measure from TN not MN
Factor in magnetic variation, compass deviation, wind

Question 4

Compass deviation calculation

Answer 4

East is least (subtract) and west is best (Add)

Question 5

Wind impact on navigation

Answer 5

Heading vs track
Drift angle

Question 6

True heading caculation

Answer 6

True course plus wind corrections
TH +- variation = magnetic heading +- deviation = compass heading
Determine Wind Correction Angle
Course = intended path

Question 7

Fuel consumption

Answer 7

Pounds of fuel per hour
Divided into NM per hour of travel
Resulting in specific range value
NM per 1000 lbs

Question 8

Pilotage

Answer 8

Navigation by reference to landmarks or checkpoints

Question 9

Wind triangle

Answer 9

Review calculation example

Question 10

Flight planning

Answer 10

Materials, weather check, Chart Supplement US, AFM/POH, weight and balance, takeoff landing distance, elevation, temperature, fuel consumption

Question 11

Dead reckoning

Answer 11

Navigation by means of computations based on time, airspeed, distance and direction
Adjust by windspeed and velocity to get heading and HD

Question 12

Charting the course

Answer 12

Draw line on sectional, Mark checkpoints, check airspaces, obstructions, altitude, distance between checkpoints, TC+-WCA=TH+-V=MH+-D=CH, GS, total time

Question 13

Ground based navigation

Answer 13

VOR, NDB, GPS

Question 14

VOR

Answer 14

3 NAVAIDS: VOR, DME, VORTAC

Question 15

VOR ground stations

Answer 15

Frequency band 108.0-117.95, line of sight, at 1000ft AGL about 40-45miles
Terminal, low altitude, high altitude
Test facilities, airborne and ground checkpoints

Question 16

Course deviation indicator (CDI)

Answer 16

Omnibearing selector (OBS), CDI needle, To/From indicator

Question 17

Horizontal situation indicator (HSI)

Answer 17

HSI

Question 18

Radio magnetic indicator (RMI)

Answer 18

Provides magnetic or directional gyro heading, VOR, GPS, ADF (automatic direction finder)
Compass card, heading index, 2 bearing pointers, pointer function switches

Question 19

Time and distance using RMI

Answer 19

Time in seconds between bearings / degrees of bearing change = minutes to the station

Multiplying TAS or GS (miles/min) / minutes to station

Question 20

Time and distance with CDI

Answer 20

Time to station = 60 x min flown between bearing change / degrees of bearing change

Distance = TAS x min flown / degrees of bearing change

Question 21

Intercept heading based on distance and degrees

Answer 21

At 60NM 1degree width is 1mile, at 120NM it is 2miles

Question 22

Distance to VORTAC

Answer 22

With DME and paired frequency concept showing slant range (to the ground) and GS and time to station

Question 23

RNAV

Answer 23

Area navigation, generic term, applies to GPS, VOR/DME, electronic course guidance direct route
Electronically relocate VORTACs => waypoints

Question 24

VOR/DME RNAV modes

Answer 24

VOR, enroute, approach, VOR parallel

Question 25

Automatic direction finder ADF

Answer 25

Sent from non directional radio beacons (NDB) in low or medium frequency, independent of line of sight, follows curvature of Earth Low frequency susceptible to electric disturbances like lighting

Question 26

GPS RAIM

Answer 26

Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring Requires 5 satellites to detect anomaly or bar aiding Requires capable receiver to detect issues

Question 27

VFR way points

Answer 27

Five letters, non pronounce able, unless collocated with visual checkpoint, magenta flag symbol on chart Use for VFR flight plan Program prior to departure Monitor ATC frequency near way points