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Level 1/Step 1 > NBME 30 > Flashcards

NBME 30 Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Deformation vs Disruption

A

Deformation = teratogen
changes to structures AFTER embryonic period. Extrinsic forces limiting normal organ development (Potter sequence)

Disruption = normal development occurs but something causes an abnormality (bands + compress + encircle)

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2
Q

Renal papillary necrosis

A

Severe ischemic injury

Sickle cell
Obstructive nephropathy
NSAIDs
DM
Severe pyelonephritis

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3
Q

Osteopetrosis

A

Excessive mineralization of bone

OSTEOCLAST = remodeling and arises from monocyte-macrophage lineage

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4
Q

Porphyria cutanea tarda

A

Severe cutaneous photosensitivity = blistering + hyperpigmentation

Urine color change

Decrease uroporphyringogen decarboxylase (Heme synthesis)

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5
Q

Bortezomib

A

Proteasome inhibitor

prevents Ag processing on MHC1 = not CD8 T cell activation

Tx of MM

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6
Q

Melanosome

A

specialized organelle w/n melanocytes that produce melanin

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7
Q

Gap junctions

A

connexin = communication between cells

think cardiac myocytes

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8
Q

Tight junctions

A

Claudins (Ca++ dependent) & occludins

inflammation = increases permeability

Crohn
Pleural effusion
Pneumonia

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9
Q

Catalyzing the formation of plasmin

A

MOA of fibrinolytic drugs used when percutaneous coronary intervention/CABG not an option

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10
Q

Plasmin

A

serine protease that cleaves fibrin clots

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11
Q

AML

A

Adults w/ pancytopenia
blast cells

mouth ulcers or gingival hypertrophy = neutropenia

ALL = doesnt include platelet

15;17

Vit. A

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12
Q

Multiple Myeloma

A

Clonal proliferation of plasma cells in bone marrow

Plasma cells = clock-face

recurrent bacteria infections

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13
Q

Animal RBC agglutinates when

A

heterophile Ab is present which is seen in EBV

EBV associated with Burkitt lymphoma + nasopharyngeal carincoma

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14
Q

Primary myelofibrosis

A

clonal expansion of Megakaryocytes = increase TGFb

Cytopenias

Extramedullary hematopoiesis = splenomegaly

Dacrocytes

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15
Q

Councilman bodies

A

Hepatocytes = apoptosis + necrosis

Eosinophilic cytoplasm

Acute + Chronic hepatitis

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16
Q

Posterior medial aspect of the kidney

Abscess

A

Psoas fascia

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17
Q

Increase ALP
dense thickening of bony cortex

A

Osteitis deformans (Paget)

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18
Q

Hypermetabolic states

A

Burns

Sepsis

Post-surgery

Traumatic injury

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19
Q

Majority of TH exists in which form

A

T4-globulin

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20
Q

ETC
Complex 1 or 2

A

1 = NADH

2 = FADH2

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21
Q

Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy

A

Mit.-inherited

Degeneration of optic nerve & retina in C/L

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22
Q

NRDS

Study These Flashcards
A

Inadequate production of Surfactant by type 2

Atelectasis = alveolar collapse

Proteinsceous debris

23
Q

Calcium oxalate stone Tx

Study These Flashcards
A

Thiazide = inhibits NCC channel

Low sodium diet

Potassium citrate

24
Q

Lies posterior & inferior to aortic valve

25
Ehrlichiosis
Intracellular pathogen = E. chaffeensis Tx: doxycycline = 30s Fever + headache + myalgia + rash Thrombocytopenia + leukopenia + increase transaminase
26
Estrogen initial site binding receptor
Cytosol TH goes to the nucleus
27
Degeneracy
Different codons encode for the same AA Multiple tRNA exists exist for most amino acids
28
Glucokinase
Liver, β cells of pancreas
29
Carcinoid tumors
Neuroendocrine GI tract = SI 5-HIAA
30
Actinic purpura
Dorsal hands + Forearm Dermal collagen atrophy + chronic sun exposure = blood vessel fragility
31
Increase 1. Central venous pressure = decrease preload 2. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure = decrease preload Reduce TPR
Decreases Contractility
32
DM neuropathy
Formation of advanced glycation in vascular endothelium = ischemic nerve Persistent activation Na+ nociceptor Tx: TCA + carbamazepine
33
↑ LV EDV = ↑SV ↓Pulse
Stimulation of Baroreceptors Arterial stretch
34
Decrease SA and AV nodal activity by ↓cAMP AV node particularly sensitive— ↑ PR interval Short acting
Esmolol
35
Cystic hygroma = lymphangioma + cystically dilated space filled w/ lymph fluid
Turner 45, XO
36
Supplies 1. Flexors 2. Sensory fibers to the lateral forearm 3. Supinate
Musculocutaneous
37
Anterior interosseous
Pure motor
38
Occult blood = melena Nocturnal diarrhea Worsening ab pain Wt loss Colon cancer Family history
IBD
39
Soft Fleshy Skin- colored papules
HPV
40
Dilated Submucosa veins in the anal canal
Hemorrhoids
41
↓ K+ Excessive dieting
Laxative = ↓pH Diuretics (low Cl- --> high bicarb) + Vomiting= ↑pH
42
Atazanavir Darunavir Lopinavir Ritonavir
Protease inhibitors
43
McArdle enzyme
Glycogen phosphorylase
44
 ↑ glycogen in muscle = painful muscle cramps myoglobinuria (red urine) w/ strenuous exercise Arrhythmia from electrolyte abnormalities Second-wind phenomenon noted during exercise due tomuscular blood flow PAS+
McArdle disease (type V)
45
Reflux nephropathy
2° vesicoureteral reflux = retrograde flow of urine from bladder into ureter + renal calyces Abnormal ureteric valve Chronically → renal parenchyma atrophy + chronic renal failure
46
Uterine atony
Postpartum hemorrhage Boggy uterus Want uterus to contract & stop vessel dilation Tx: uterine massage + oxytocin (Gq) = ↑Ca++
47
Which vessels lie posterior to the liver
Hepatic veins → drain into IVC
48
Avulusion of celiac trunk /aorta
Retroperitoneal hemorrhage
49
Kappa:Lambda should be
Equal; when the ratio is↑ (skewed) = CLL Cancer of mature B cells = large blue cells + scant cytoplasm Cytopenia + lymphadenopathy Tx: ilbruti-NIB
50
Pt w/ EBV, the atypical lymphocytes on smear area
Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells
51
Migration at developing thyroid gland
Along the thyroglossal duct Base of neck = superior mediastinum Base of tongue = thyroglossal duct
52
Muscarinic vs Nicotinic receptors
CNS = muscarinic ONLY PNS = nicotinic
53
Cyclosporine
Calcinamin inhibitor = no T cell (IL-2) proliferation Can cause stones

Level 1/Step 1 (15 decks)

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