NBSS (Neuroscience) - Brain and the Cranium Flashcards
What is neuroscience?
The science of the brain and the nervous system.
what is the nervous system?
main controlling and communicating centre of the body
Coordinates and controls all essential bodily functions
What are the 7 different levels of enquiry?
-
Behavioural Level: study of the neural basis of behavior or
understand why we do what we do -
System Level: study of the various parts of the nervous system
like the visual or auditory system. -
Local Circuit Level: study the function of groups of neurons
(nerve cells). -
Single Neuron Level: study what individual neurons do; for
example how they respond to certain events in terms of
electrical activity or what neurotransmitters they release - Synapse Level: study what happens at the synapse.
-
Membrane Level: study what happens at ion channels on a
neuronal membrane. - Genetic Level: study the genetic basis of neuronal function.
What 6 internal causes can cause nervous system disorders?
- Vascular problems
- Congenital problems
- Brain tumor
- Thyroid dysfunction
- High or low blood sugar
- Organ system failure
What 5 external causes can cause nervous system disorders?
- Exposure to toxins
- Infections
- Overuse of drugs (illegal or prescription medicines) and alcohol
- Trauma (to brain and/or spinal cord)
- Nutritional deficiencies
What are the 6 degenerative disorders involving the Gradual loss of function
(degenerative)
- Parkinson’s disease
- Huntington’s disease
- Alzheimer Disease
- Peripheral neuropathies
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Multiple Sclerosis
What are 2 neurodevelopmental problems?
- Autistic Spectrum Disorders
- Dyslexia
What are 4 acute nervous system disorders?
- Stroke
- Subarachnoid haemorrhage
- Transient ischemic attack
- Seizures
What are 4 mental health issues?
- Anxiety disorders
- Depression
- Psychosis
- Eating disorders
what does the crainum do?
protects brain and sensory organs
how many parts is the cranium made of? and what are these parts called?
cranium is made up of 2 parts
these parts are called:
Neurocranium and Viscerocranium
what is the Neurocranium made up of?
made of a:
1) skull cap or calvaria
2) a cranial base or basicranium
3) and an intracranial region, the inner surface of the base of the skull.
how many bones is the Neurocranium formed by?
eight
what 2 types are the bones in the nuerocranium split into? and what are the names of the bones
SINGULAR: frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, occipital
PAIRED: temporal and parietal
what is viscerocranium made up of?
facial bones in anterior cranium
what are the facial bones in the viscerocranium?
- bones surrounding mouth forming upper and lower jaws
- nose and naval cavity and orbits
what 2 types are the bones in the Viscerocranium split into? and what are the names of the bones
SINGULAR: mandible, vomer
PAIRED: maxillae, inferior nasal conchae, zygomatic, palatine, nasal, lacrimal
how many bones are there in the Viscerocranium
14
which bone and joint is moveable in the Viscerocranium?
The mandible is the only movable joint of the cranium articulating with the cranial base:
temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
where do all bones come together?
pterion - very thin area
What are the 6 different regions of the brain?
What are the 8 major subdivisions of the cerebral cortex - the brain lobes?
where is the frontal lobe
where is the thalamus
where is the midbrain
where is the pons
where is the medulla oblongata
Through which foramen does the medulla oblongata pass?
Foramen magnum
Describe the 6 parts that make up the inner structure of the brain including the limbic system.
how does the brain fit into the cranium?
