Neck Clinical Supplement Flashcards
(76 cards)
Where are infections between the investing/infrahyoid fascia and pretracheal fascia, and where can they spread?
Pretracheal space
Spreads inferiorly into the superior mediastinum
Where are infections deep to prevertebral fascia, and how can they extend?
Laterally, protrude along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (+ posterior triangle)
Where are the infections between buccopharyngeal fascia and alar fascia, and where can they spread?
Inferiorly, up to lower cervical levels, however, the space extends superiorly to the base of the skull
Where are the infections between the alar/buccopharyngeal fascia and prevertebral fascia, and how can they extend?
Inferiorly to the diaphragm and superiorly to the base of the skull
What is the Danger space?
Space between alar/buccopharyngeal and prevertebral fascia
What occurs in the Danger space?
Air from a ruptured airway/esophagus which results in a pneuomomediastium
What is a retropharyngeal abscess?
Infection between cervical vertebrae and pharyngeal wall
Where are retropharyngeal abscess more common in?
Children under 6 years of age and immunocompromised adults
How can a retropharyngeal abscess spread?
Oral cavity (dental abscess) and nasopharynx (tonsillitis and peritonsillar abscess)
What are the signs and symptoms of a retropharyngeal abscess?
Fever, sore throat, dysphagia, odynophagia, neck pain, back pain
What are the complications of a retropharyngeal abscess?
Airway obstruction, sepsis, mediastinitis, pneumonia, empyema, jugular vein thrombosis, carotid artery erosion
What are the complications of a retropharyngeal abscess?
Airway obstruction, sepsis, mediastinitis, pneumonia, empyema, jugular vein thrombosis, carotid artery erosion
What is torticollis?
Shortening of muscle due to trauma or spasms
What is the congenital cause of torticollis?
Difficult birth, causes possible hemorrhage and subsequent fibrotic changes
What is the spasmodic cause of torticollis?
Disease in basal nuclei, involves other muscles usually
What can cause injury to the subclavian artery?
Trauma/fracture along first rib
What does the collateral network with scapular arteries prevent?
Ischemic injury to upper limb
Where is the subclavian vein punctured?
Inferior to the clavicle
What can be inserted during a subclavian venipuncture?
Central line
What must be avoided in a subclavian venipuncture?
First rib, phrenic nerve, subclavian artery, and cupula of the lung
What becomes distended during a Valsalva maneuver, heart failure, tricuspid stenosis, SVC obstruction, and enlarged supraclavicular nodes?
External jugular vein
What can happen if the external jugular vein is lacerated?
Can be held open by investing fascia, causes negative thoracic pressure and air being sucked into vein -> cyanosis, air embolism + dyspnea
What has pulsations when mitral valve disease or right ventricular failure occurs?
Interal jugular vein
What gives rise to glomus jugulare tumors?
Jugular body
