Skull, Face, and Palate Development

Question 1

What is the condition that occurs when a baby has a misshapen head by sitting in a car seat?

Answer 1

Deformational plagiocephaly

Question 2

What portion is the neurocranium?

Answer 2

Around the brain

Question 3

What portion is the viscerocranium?

Answer 3

Skeleton of the face

Question 4

What forms the bones of the base of the skull?

Answer 4

Endochondral ossification

Question 5

Where does the prechordal cartilage come from?

Answer 5

Neural crest cells

Question 6

What does the prechondral cartilage contribute to?

Answer 6

Ethmoid bone

Question 7

What does the parachordal cartilage contribute to?

Answer 7

Base of occipital bone

Question 8

What does hypophysial cartilage contribute to?

Answer 8

Body of the sphenoid

Question 9

Capsules surround…

Answer 9

The special sensory structures of the head

Question 10

Olfactory capsule forms…

Answer 10

Ethmoid, nasal, lacrimal, and inferior concha

Question 11

Otic capsule forms…

Answer 11

Petrous and mastoid parts of the temporal bone

Question 12

Optic capsule forms

Answer 12

Greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid

Question 13

Membranous neurocranium is derived from…

Answer 13

Neural crest cells

Question 14

Membranous viscerocranium is derived from

Answer 14

First arch (maxillary prominence) and neural crest cells

Question 15

Cartilaginous viscerocranium is derived from

Answer 15

First and second arches

Question 16

When does the face begin to develop?

Answer 16

4th week

Question 17

Five facial primorida forms

Answer 17

One frontonasal prominence, two maxillary prominences, and two mandibular prominences

Question 18

What is continuous throughout the five prominences?

Answer 18

Mesenchyme cells

Question 19

What is not present at birth?

Answer 19

Paranasal sinuses

Question 20

Nasolacrimal duct is formed from

Answer 20

Ectoderm of nasolacrimal groove

Question 21

What is the intermaxillary segment?

Answer 21

fusion of the paired medial nasal prominence

Question 22

What does the medial nasal prominence give rise to?

Answer 22

Labial compartment

Question 23

What are cranial sensory ganglia derived from?

Answer 23

Neural crest and ectodermal placodes

Question 24

Five placodes form…

Answer 24

 hypophyseal placode – Rathke’s pouch
 olfactory placode – epithelium of nasal cavity
 ventrolateral placode – ganglia of CN VII, IX and X
 dorsolateral placode – otic placodes (membranous labyrinth, spiral and vestibular ganglia)
 intermediate placode – profundal and trigeminal placodes – trigeminal ganglia

Question 25

When does the primary palate begin to form?

Answer 25

End of 5th week, not completed until 12th week

Question 26

When does the secondary palate begin to form?

Answer 26

6th week

Question 27

What is acrania?

Answer 27

No calavria, associated with anecephaly

Question 28

What is craniosyntosis?

Answer 28

Premature closure of the sutures

Question 29

What is scaphocephaly?

Answer 29

Sagittal suture closes -> skull is LONG and NARROW

Question 30

What is oxycephaly?

Answer 30

Coronal suture closes -> skull becomes TALL

Question 31

What is plagiocephaly?

Answer 31

Asymmetric closure -> skull become twisted

Question 32

What can cause plagiocephaly?

Answer 32

Dysfunction of CN IX and X

Question 33

What is microcephaly?

Answer 33

Fontanelles close early and sutures close during the first year; a CNS defect whereby the brain and calvaria fail to grow; accompanied by severe mental retardation

Question 34

Choanal atresia is...

Answer 34

Nasal cavity not continuous with pharynx

Question 35

What is the acronym for choanal atresia?

Answer 35

C = coloboma of the iris, choroid H = heart defect A = atresia of choanae R = retarded growth G = genitourinary anomaly E = ear defect

Question 36

What is microstomia?

Answer 36

Excessive merging of maxillary and mandibular prominences

Question 37

Cleft lip involves...

Answer 37

Only the lip

Question 38

Anterior cleft involves...

Answer 38

Alveolar part of the maxilla, anterior to the incisive foramen

Question 39

Posterior cleft involves...

Answer 39

Secondary palate through soft and hard palate

Question 40

Median cleft involves...

Answer 40

Failure of medial nasal prominences -> Mohr syndrome

Question 41

Oblique facial cleft extends

Answer 41

From upper lip to medial margin of orbit

Question 42

Median cleft of the lower lip involves...

Answer 42

Failure of mandibular prominence to fuse