The List Flashcards
(305 cards)
1
Q
Exaggerated over-curvature of thoracic area of vertebral column
A
Kyphosis
2
Q
Lateral deviation of vertebral column
A
Scoliosis
3
Q
Major feature of cervical vertebrae
A
Transverse foramina
4
Q
Vertebra located at level of iliac crest
A
L4
5
Q
Ligament that connects internal surface of laminae of vertebrae
A
Ligamentum flavum
6
Q
Ligament that checks hyperextension of vertebral column
A
Anterior longitudinal
7
Q
Ligament affected by whiplash injury
A
Anterior longitudinal
8
Q
Ligament which limits skull rotation
A
Alar
9
Q
Defective portion of vertebra with spondylolisthesis in cervical area
A
Pedicle
10
Q
Defective portion of vertebra with spondylolisthesis in lumbar area
A
Pars interarticularis, Lamina
11
Q
Common direction of all superior articular facets of vertebrae
A
Posterior
12
Q
Structure in contact with posterior surface of dens
A
Transverse ligament of atlas (part of cruciate)
13
Q
Most commonly herniated intervertebral disc
A
L4-5
14
Q
Most common nerve compressed with herniated intervertebral disc
A
L5
15
Q
Spinal nerve affected by protrusion of the disc between C5/6
A
C6
16
Q
Thoracic intercostal space located deep to triangle of auscultation
A
sixth
17
Q
Vertebral level of lumbar puncture
A
L4
18
Q
Innervation of suboccipital muscles
A
Suboccipital nerve
19
Q
Roof of suboccipital triangle
A
Semispinalis capitis
20
Q
Floor of suboccipital triangle
A
Posterior arch of atlas; posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
21
Q
Major vessel within suboccipital triangle
A
Vertebral artery
22
Q
Synonym for dorsal ramus of C2
A
Greater occipital nerve
23
Q
Inferior extent of dura-arachnoid sac
A
SV2
24
Q
Inferior extent of spinal cord
A
LV2
25
Location of internal vertebral plexus
Epidural space
26
Most frequently fractured bone of body
Clavicle
27
Most frequently dislocated carpal bone
Lunate
28
Most frequently fracture carpal bone
Scaphoid
29
Name of fracture of distal radius that produces “dinner fork” appearance
Colle’s fracture
30
Nerve injured with fracture of surgical neck of humerus
Axillary
31
Nerve injured with fracture of medial humeral epicondyle
Ulnar
32
Nerve injured with fracture of shaft of humerus
Radial
33
Nerve injured in wrist drop
Radial
34
Muscle that is chief flexor and chief extensor at shoulder joint
Deltoid
35
Muscles innervated by axillary nerve
Deltoid and teres minor
36
Muscle that initiates abduction of arm
Supraspinatus
37
Most commonly torn tendon of rotator cuff
Supraspinatus
38
Two muscles that rotate scapula for full abduction of arm
Trapezius and serratus anterior
39
Tendon that courses through shoulder joint
Long head of biceps
40
Chief supinator muscle of hand
Biceps brachii
41
Injury to what nerve causes winged scapula
Long thoracic nerve
42
Spinal levels of axillary nerve
C5 and C6
43
Spinal levels to muscles of the hand
C8 and T1
44
Dermatome of thumb
C6
45
Nerve to thenar compartment
Recurrent branch of Median
46
Innervation of adductor pollicis
Ulnar (deep br.)
47
Innervation to all interosseous muscles
Ulnar (deep br.)
48
Region affected by upper trunk injury of brachial plexus
Shoulder
49
Region affected by lower trunk injury of brachial plexus
Intrinsic hand muscles
50
Nerve compressed with carpal tunnel syndrome
Median
51
Nerve affected by cubital tunnel syndrome
Ulnar
52
Paralysis of which muscles results in total “claw” hand
Lumbricals
53
Boundaries of femoral triangle
Inguinal ligament, sartorius and adductor longus
54
Structure immediately lateral to femoral sheath
Femoral nerve
55
Structure immediately medial to femoral artery in femoral sheath
Femoral vein
56
Contents of femoral canal
Deep inguinal lymph nodes
57
Medial boundary of femoral ring
Lacunar ligament
58
Structures that course throughout entire length of adductor canal
Femoral artery and vein
59
Structures that course through only portion of adductor canal
Saphenous nerve, nerve to vastus medialis, descending genicular vessels
60
Muscle that forms floor of popliteal fossa
Popliteus
61
Muscle that is chief flexor at hip joint
Iliopsoas
62
Muscle that prevents pelvis from tilting when walking
Gluteus medius
63
Muscle that extends leg
Quadriceps femoris
64
Muscle that unlocks knee joint
Popliteus
65
Muscle affected with “foot slap”
Tibialis anterior
66
Chief invertors of foot
Tibialis anterior and posterior
67
Chief evertors of foot
Fibularis longus and brevis
68
Ligament that checks backward displacement of femur on tibia
Anterior cruciate
69
Ligament laxity with positive valgus maneuver
Medial collateral
70
Most commonly injured ankle ligament
Anterior talofibular
71
Ligament stretched with “flat foot”
Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring)
72
Joints for movements of inversion and eversion
Subtalar and transverse Tarsal
73
Major artery to head of femur in adult
Medial femoral circumflex
74
Nerve affected with fracture of head and neck of fibula
Common fibular
75
Tendon affected with avulsion fracture of 5th metatarsal
Fibularis brevis
76
Innervation of adductor magnus
Obturator, tibial portion of Sciatic
77
Nerve affected with tarsal tunnel syndrome
Tibial
78
Cutaneous innervation to medial side of foot
Saphenous (L4)
79
Cutaneous innervation to lateral side of foot
Sural (S1)
80
Cutaneous innervation of heel
Tibial
81
Cutaneous innervation to dorsal aspect of web between toes 1 and 2
Deep fibular
82
Cutaneous innervation of most of dorsum of foot
Superficial fibular
83
Major dermatome to big toe
L4
84
Dermatome to small toe
S1
85
Spinal level of patellar reflex
L4
86
Spinal level of Achilles reflex
S1
87
Locking of knee when walking suggests
Meniscus injury
88
Major injury triad with lateral impact to knee
Medial collateral, medial meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament
89
Dermatome around nipple
T4
90
Vertebral level at inferior angle of scapula
TV7
91
Structure that lies immediately posterior to manubrium
Thymus
92
Rib related to oblique fissure of lung posteriorly
2nd
93
Rib paralleled by horizontal fissure of right lung
4th
94
Inferior extent of lung at midclavicular line
6th rib
95
Inferior extent of pleura at midclavicular line
8th rib
96
Inferior extent of lung at midaxillary line
8th rib
97
Inferior extent of pleura at midaxillary line
10th rib
98
Inferior extent of lung posteriorly
10th rib
99
Inferior extent of pleura posteriorly
12th rib
100
Innervation of costal pleura
Intercostal nerve
101
Innervation of mediastinal pleura
Phrenic nerve
102
Site for auscultation of pulmonary valve
Left 2nd interspace
103
Site for auscultation of aortic valve
Right 2nd interspace
104
Site for auscultation of tricuspid valve
Xiphisternal joint
105
Site for auscultation of mitral valve
Left 5th interspace, midclavicular line
106
Heart chamber with greatest sternocostal projection
Right ventricle
107
Chamber that forms apex of heart
Left ventricle
108
major chamber that forms base of heart
Left atrium
109
Heart chamber that contains moderator band
Right ventricle
110
Artery that determines coronary dominance
Posterior interventricular
111
Usual origin of SA and AV nodal arteries
Right coronary artery
112
Location of SA node
Cristae terminalis
113
Major vessel that drains the musculature of the heart
Coronary sinus
114
Innervation of fibrous pericardium
Phrenic nerve
115
Most common cause of systolic ejection murmur
Aortic stenosis
116
Rib associated with sternal angle
Second rib
117
Vertebral level associated with sternal angle
Disc between TV4-5
118
Location of ductus arteriosus
Between left pulmonary artery and aorta
119
Nerve potentially injured with repair of patent ductus arteriosus
Left recurrent laryngeal Nerve
120
Veins that unite to form brachiocephalic
Subclavian and internal Jugular
121
Veins that unite to form superior vena cava
Right and left Brachiocephalic
122
Termination of azygos vein
Superior vena cava
123
Structures that lie to right and left of thoracic duct
Azygos veins, aorta
124
Spinal levels of greater splanchnic nerve
T5-9
125
Spinal levels of lesser splanchnic nerve
T10-11
126
Spinal levels of least splanchnic nerve
T12
127
Thoracic structures that can compress the esophagus
Left bronchus, aorta and Diaphragm
128
Disease often associated with thymoma
Myasthenia gravis
129
Remnant of umbilical vein
Round ligament of liver
130
Dermatome to umbilical area
T10
131
Dermatome to suprapubic area
L1
132
Vertebral level associated with origin of celiac artery
T12
133
Vertebral level associated with origin of SMA
L1
134
Vertebral level associated with origin renal arteries
L2
135
Vertebral level associated with origin of gonadal arteries
L2
136
Vertebral level associated with origin of IMA
L3
137
Vertebral level of umbilicus
Disc L3-4
138
Vertebral level of aortic bifurcation
L5
139
Vertebral level for formation of IVC
L5
140
Spinal levels to muscles of anterior abdominal wall
T7 – L1
141
Structure that forms superficial inguinal ring
Aponeurosis of external, Oblique
142
Structure that forms deep inguinal ring
Trasnversalis fasica
143
Structure that form floor of inguinal canal
Inguinal ligament
144
Bony attachments of inguinal ligament
ASIS and pubic tubercle
145
Structures that form conjoint tendon
Internal oblique and transversus abdominis
146
Abdominal layer continuous with external spermatic fascia
External oblique
147
Abdominal continuous with cremasteric fascia
Internal oblique
148
Abdominal layer continuous with internal spermatic fascia
Transversalis fascia
149
Structure that lies between protrusion sites of direct and indirect hernias
Inferior epigastric artery
150
Type of hernia that enters deep inguinal ring
Indirect inguinal
151
Most common type of hernia
Indirect inguinal
152
Most common side for indirect inguinal hernia
Right
153
Type of hernia that protrudes through Hesselbach’s triangle
Direct inguinal
154
Boundaries of Hesselbach’s triangle
Inguinal ligament, rectus abdominis, inferior epigastric artery and vein
155
Type of hernia that traverses both deep and superficial rings
Indirect inguinal
156
Fluid in processus vaginalis
Hydrocele
157
Communication between greater and lesser sacs
Epiploic foramen
158
Superior border of epiploic foramen
Caudate lobe of liver
159
Inferior border of epiploic foramen
Part one of duodenum
160
Posteiror border of epiploic foramen
IVC
161
Ligament that contains portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct
Hepatoduodenal (lesser omentum)
162
Structure that limits spread of ascitic fluid in left paracolic gutter
Phrenicocolic ligament
163
Structuer that limits spread of ascitic fluid within infracolic compartment
Root of mesentary
164
Superior extent of right paracolic gutter
Hepatorenal recess
165
Most inferior portion of peritoneal cavity
Rectouterine pouch
166
Structures supplied by celiac artery
Stomach, duodenum, liver, spleen, gallbladder, pancreas
167
Branches of celiac artery
Left gastric, common hepatic and splenic
168
Blood supply to stomach
Right and left gastroepiploics, right, left and short gastric
169
Major structures of bed of stomach
Pancreas, spleen, left kidney and suprarenal gland, diaphragm
170
Ducts that join to form common bile duct
Cystic and common, Hepatic
171
Structure that separates right and left lobes of liver
Falciform ligament
172
Origin of cystic artery
Right hepatic artery
173
Ribs directly related to spleen
Ribs 9-11
174
Organs related to spleen
Stomach, colon, left kidney, tail of pancreas
175
Artery to small intestine
SMA
176
Organs supplied by both celiac and SMA
Duodenum, pancreas
177
Organs supplied by both SMA and IMA
Transverse colon
178
Vessel located posterior to head of pancreas
IVC
179
Vessel located posterior to neck of pancreas
Portal vein
180
Veins that unite to form portal vein
Splenic and SMV
181
Clinically importatnt organs for portacaval anastomoses
Esophagus, rectum, liver
182
Two structures that lies posterior to SMA near its origin
Left renal vein, duodenum
183
Three distinguishing features of the large intestine
Tenia coli, haustra, epiploic appendages
184
Termination of left gonadal vein
Left renal vein
185
Termination of right gonadal vein
Inferior vena cava
186
Location of initial pain of appendicitis
Umbilical region
187
Motor innervation of diaphragm
Phrenic
188
Sensory innervation of diaphragm
Phrenic + intercostal
189
Spinal levels of phrenic nerve
C3-5
190
Vertebral level that inferior vena cava traverses diaphragm
T8
191
Vertebral level that esophagus traverses diaphragm
T10
192
Structures that traverse diaphragm with esophagus
Vagal trunks
193
Vertebral level that aorta traverses diaphragm
T12
194
Structure that traverses diaphragm with aorta
Thoracic duct
195
Structure that traverses diaphragm through crura
Greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves
196
Structure that separates pelvis and perineum
Pelvic diaphragm
197
Two major components of pelvic diaphragm
Levator ani + coccygeus
198
Two major components of levator ani
Pubococcygeus and Iliococcygeus
199
Two muscles which close lateral pelvic wall
Obturator internus and Piriformis
200
Means by which obturator internus exits pelvis
Lesser sciatic foramen
201
Means by which piriformis exits pelvis
Greater sciatic foramen
202
Innervation of detrusor
Pelvic splanchnics (S2-4)
203
Remnants of umbilical arteries
Medial umbilical ligaments
204
Chief artery to rectal mucosa
Superior rectal
205
Most common type of pelvic inlet in females
Gynecoid
206
Two remnants of gubernaculum in females
Ovarian and round Ligament
207
Ligament that contains ovarian vessels
Suspensory ligament of Ovary
208
Lymph nodes for ovary and testes
Lumbar
209
Normal position of uterus
Anterverted, anteflexed
210
Chief uterine support
Pubococcygeus
211
Ligament that contains uterine vessels
Lateral cervical
212
Structure potentially injured with hysterectomy
Ureter
213
Relation of ureter to uterine artery
Inferior and posterior
214
Structure that separates deep and superficial perineal spaces
Perineal membrane
215
Bony landmarks between anal and UG triangles
Ischial tuberosities
216
Lateral wall of ischioanal fossa
Fascia of obturator Internus
217
Structure that forms the pudendal canal
Fascia of obturator Internus
218
Structure that separates internal and external hemorrhoids
Pectinate line
219
Lymph nodes for area superior to pectinate line of anal canal
Internal iliac, IM
220
Lymph nodes for area inferior to pectinate line of anal canal
Superficial inguinal
221
Major structure of deep perineal space
Sphincter urethrae
222
Lymph nodes for glans penis
Deep inguinal
223
Muscle which compresses the bulb of penis
Bulbospongiosus
224
Muscle which compresses the crus of penis
Ischiocavernosus
225
Muscles which meet at the perineal body
Superficial and deep perineal, bulbospongiosus, external anal sphincter, pubococcygeus
226
Vertebral level of hyoid bone
CV3
227
Vertebral level of thyroid cartilage
CV4,5
228
Vertebral level of cricoid cartilage
CV6
229
Muscles that are innervated by CN XI
Trapezius, SCM
230
Structures that course between anterior and middle scalene
Brachial plexus, subclavian artery
231
Innervation of omohyoid, sternohyoid and sternothyroid
Ansa cervicalis
232
Innervation of digastric
Anterior belly = CN V, Posterior belly = CN VII
233
Innervation of carotid sinus and carotid body
CN IX, CN X
234
Major structures to pass through pharyngeal wall superior to superior constrictor
Auditory tube, levator veli Palatini
235
Nerves of pharyngeal plexus
CN IX, CN X, Sympathetics
236
Only muscle innervated by CN IX
Stylopharyngeus
237
Structures that pierce thyrohyoid membrane
Internal laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal artery
238
Only muscle to abduct vocal cords
Posterior cricoarytenoid
239
Innervation of cricothyroid
External laryngeal nerve
240
Innervation of laryngeal muscles exclusive of cricothyroid
Recurrent laryngeal
241
Muscle that increases tension on vocal cords
Cricothyroid
242
Sensory nerve to larynx superior to vocal cords
Internal laryngeal
243
Sensory nerve to larynx inferior to vocal cords
Recurrent laryngeal
244
Site of aspirated lodged fishbone
Piriform recess
245
Afferent – efferent limbs of gag reflex
CN IX – CN X
246
Afferent – efferent limbs of cough reflex
CN X – CN X
247
Nerve injury that causes hoarseness following thyroid surgery
Recurrent laryngeal
248
Chief structures that traverse internal acoustic meatus
CN VII and VIII
249
Foramen where CN VII exits skull
Stylomastoid foramen
250
Major arterial supply to calvaria and supratentorial dura
Middle meningeal
251
Major cutaneous nerve of face
CN V
252
Major artery to internal structures of head
Maxillary
253
Spinal levels of sympathetic fibers to head
T1 – 2
254
Autonomic ganglia for CN III
Ciliary
255
Sensory ganglia for CN VII
Geniculate
256
Autonomic ganglia for CN VII
PPG and submandibular
257
Autonomic ganglia for CN IX
Otic
258
Muscle attached to disc of TMJ
Lateral pterygoid
259
Muscle that retracts mandible
Temporalis
260
Major nerve to TMJ (pain)
Auriculotemporal
261
Specific nerves that elicit secretion from the parotid gland
Tympanic branch of CN IX and lesser petrosal
262
Branch of CN V that carries parasympathetics to parotid
Auriculotemporal
263
Structure that opens into superior meatus of nasal cavity
Posterior ethmoid sinus
264
Structures that open into middle meatus of nasal cavity
Frontal, maxillary, anterior and middle ethmoid
265
Structures that opens into inferior meatus of nasal cavity
Nasolacrimal duct
266
Major artery to nasal cavity
Sphenopalatine
267
Most common site of nose bleed
Kiesselbach’s plexus
268
Innervation of levator veli palatini
CN X
269
Muscle that opens auditory tube
Tensor veli palatini
270
Innervation of tensor veli palatini
CN V3
271
Nerve that provides taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue
Chorda tympani
272
Site of cell bodies for nerve that carries taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue
Geniculate ganglion
273
Specific nerve that elicits secretion from submandibular gland
Chorda tympani
274
Branch of CN V that carries parasympathetic to submandibular
Lingual
275
Nerve injured when tonsilar pillars sag and uvula deviates
CN X
276
Nerve potentially injured with tonsillectomy
CN IX
277
Muscle that protrudes tongue
Genioglossus
278
Nerve injured when deviation of protruded tongue
Ipsilateral CN XII
279
Specific nerve that stimulates tear production
Greater petrosal CN VII
280
Sensory nerve to cornea
CN V1 (nasociliary)
281
Muscle that elevates and abducts eye
Inferior oblique
282
Muscle that depresses and abducts eye
Superior oblique
283
Site of preganglionic nerve cells that elicits dilation of pupil
Lateral horn, T1 - 2
284
Site of postganglionic nerve cells that elicits dilation of pupil
Superior cervical ganglion
285
Site of preganglionic nerve cells that elicits constriction of pupil
Edinger-Westphal
286
Site of postganglionic nerve cells that elicits constriction of pupil
Ciliary ganglion
287
Innervation of external surface of tympanic membrane
Auriculotemporal, CN X
288
Innervation of internal surface of tympanic membrane
CN IX
289
Level where ascending aorta is continuous with arch of aorta
TV4-5
290
Level where arch of aorta is continuous with descending aorta
TV4-5
291
Effect of sympathetic nerves on lungs
Bronchodilation, Vasoconstriction
292
Effect of parasympathetic nerves on lungs
Bronchoconstriction, Vasodilation
293
Rationale for aspirated small objects to go to right primary bronchus
Wider diameter, shorter and more vertical
294
Needle location for therapeutic pleural tapping
Superior to 12th rib, posteriorly
295
Name given to portion of right ventricle prior to beginning of pulmonary trunk
conus arteriosum or infundibulum
296
Name given to orientation where uterus and vagina intersect at angle of 90 degrees
Anteversion
297
Name given to orientation where uterine body and cervix intersect at angle of 10-15 degrees
Anteflexion
298
Ridge located between sinus venarum and right ventricle
Cristae terminalis
299
Nerve at risk when performing thyroidectomy
Both left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves
300
Specific muscle that holds patella in place
Vastus medialis
301
First portion of quadriceps femoris to atrophy with injury to femoral nerve
Vastus medialis
302
Last portion of quadriceps femoris to recover following injury
Vastus medialis
303
Innervation to nail bed of middle finger
Median nerve
304
Innervation to nail bed of ring finger
Ulnar and median
305
Spinal nerve affected with herniated disc at L3/L4
L4
