Neck: Root of the Neck

Question 1

boundaries of root of neck

Answer 1

body of T1 anterior surface
head and neck of first rib
body first rib
distal portion first rib, articulation of first rib with manubrium

sternoclavicular articulation is included in definition of root of neck

Question 2

attachments of anterior scalene

Answer 2

O: anterior tubercles of transverse processes CV3-6
I: scalene tubercle first rib

Question 3

action of anterior scalene

Answer 3

elevate first rib
side bends and rotates cervical column to opposite side

both sides - flex vertebral column

Question 4

innervation of anterior scalene

Answer 4

ventral rami, spinal nerves C5-7

Question 5

attachments of middle scalene

Answer 5

O: posterior tubercles of transverse processes of CV2-7
I: superior surface of first rib posterior to groove for subclavian artery

Question 6

action of middle scalene

Answer 6

elevates first rib
side bends and rotates cervical column
both sides - flexes vertebral column

Question 7

innervation of middle scalene

Answer 7

ventral rami C3-8

Question 8

scalene triangle

Answer 8

passage of brachial plexus and subclavian artery

between anterior and middle scalenes

compression can occur during tonic contraction of in presence of cervicla rib

thoracic outlet syndrome

Question 9

thoracic outlet syndrome symptoms

Answer 9

pain
numbness and tingling in neck, medial forearm, and digits 4 and 5

paresis of intrinsic muscles of hand

poor circulation - cold hands

Question 10

brachial plexus nerve block

Answer 10

anesthetic agent around supraclavicular portion of brachial plexus

Question 11

attachments of posterior scalene

Answer 11

O: posterior tubercles of transverse process CV5-7
I: outer surface of second rib

may be fused with middle scalene

Question 12

action of posterior scalene

Answer 12

elevates second rib
side bends and rotates cervical column
both sides - flexes vertebral column

Question 13

innervation of posterior scalene

Answer 13

ventral rami - brachial plexus C7-8

Question 14

attachments of longus capitis

Answer 14

O: anterior tubercles of transverse processes of CV3 -6
I: inferior surface, basilar portion of occipital bone

Question 15

action of longus capitis

Answer 15

flexes head and neck

Question 16

innervation of longus colli

Answer 16

O and I:
upper portion extends from anterior surface of vertebral bodies above to transverse processes of vertebrae below

lower portion extends from anterior surfaces of vertebral bodies below to transverse processes of vertebrae above

Question 17

action of longus colli

Answer 17

flexes neck and assists in its rotation

upper fibers rotate same side
lower fibers rotate opposite side

Question 18

innervation of longus colli

Answer 18

ventral rami - spinal nerves C2-7

Question 19

right brachiocephalic artery

Answer 19

bifurcates posterior to SC joint into right subclavian and common carotid artery

Question 20

left aorta

Answer 20

common carotid and subclavian artery arise directly from aorta

Question 21

three parts of subclavian artery

Answer 21

1 - medial to anterior scalene
2 - behind anterior scalene
3 - lateral to anterior scalene

Question 22

part 1 of subclavian artery

Answer 22

vertebral artery
thyrocervical trunk
internal thoracic artery

Question 23

vertebral artery

Answer 23

enters transverse cervical foramen of CV6
goes posterior over atlas
pierces AO membrane
ascends through foramen magnum where it fuses with opposite counterpart

Question 24

branches of thyrocervical trunk

Answer 24

inferior thyroid artery
transverse cervical artery
suprascapular artery
ascending cervical artery

Question 25

It'S TC-AC

Answer 25

inferior thyroid suprascapular transverse cervical ascending cervical arterial branches of thyrocervical trunk

Question 26

inferior thyroid artery

Answer 26

branches from thyrocervical trunk medially to ascend medial border of anterior scalene passes behind carotid sheath and sympathetic trunk at level of thyroid cartilage branches to pharynx larynx trachea and esophagus glandular branches to inferior thyroid **anastomose with posterior branch of superior thyroid artery

Question 27

transverse cervical artery

Answer 27

branches from thyrocervical trunk laterally crosses posterior triangle by passing deep to trapezius muscle which it supplies

Question 28

suprascapular artery

Answer 28

branches from thyrocervical trunk laterally just inferior to origin of transverse cervical artery crosses posterior triangle inferiorly deep to inferior belly of omohyoid joined by suprascapular nerve as it passes out of posterior triangle laterally to scapular region

Question 29

ascending cervical artery

Answer 29

possible branch of thyrocervical trunk -often from inferior thyroid artery ascends anterior scalene medial to phrenic nerve to provide muscular and spinal branches

Question 30

internal thoracic artery

Answer 30

arises from subclavian opposite thyrocervical trunk descends inferiorly to thorax posterior to sternal end of clavicle and junction of subclavian and internal jugular veins crossed anteriorly by phrenic nerve

Question 31

costocervical trunk

Answer 31

second part of subclavian artery -passes posteriorly from subclavian artery over cupola of lung where it divides into: deep cervical and highest intercostal artery

Question 32

deep cervical artery

Answer 32

branch of costocervical trunk ascends dorsal to brachial plexus between semispinalis cervicis and capitis anastomose with descending branch of occipital artery

Question 33

highest intercostal artery

Answer 33

branch of costocervical trunk descends anterior to head of first rib to provid posterior intercostal artery to first intercostal space and terminates by forming second posterior intercostal artery

Question 34

dorsal scapular artery

Answer 34

part 3 of subclavian artery branching passes dorsally through brachial plexus near middle trunk descends under rhomboids along vertebral border of scapula involved in scapular anastomosis

Question 35

brachiocephalic vein formation

Answer 35

from subclavian and internal jugular veins

Question 36

tributaries to subclavian vein

Answer 36

external jugular, dorsal scapular

Question 37

tributaries to brachiocephalic vein

Answer 37

vertebral and inferior thyroid vein

Question 38

central venous line

Answer 38

utilize subclavian vein parenteral fluids or drugs, cardiac cath, means of measuring central venous pressure stick the axillary vein, needle to subclavian vein