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Question 1

Saturation

Answer 1

Max number of H atoms without a carbon double bond

Question 2

SFA

Answer 2

Does not have double bonds between the long hydrocarbon chain

Question 3

Unsaturated

Answer 3

addition of a double bond between the long hydrocarbon chain where 2 hydrogen atoms are missing

Question 4

Polyunsaturated

Answer 4

When there is more than 4 hydrogen atoms missing

Question 5

Lingual lipase

Answer 5

-breaks down fat in mouth
- breaks down lipids

Question 6

Gastric lipase

Answer 6

Hydrolysis a small amount of fat

Question 7

What breaks down emulsified fat

Answer 7

pancreatic and intestinal lipase

Question 8

Albumin

Answer 8

carried short/medium chained fatty acids to the liver by portal vein

Question 9

Chylomicrons

Answer 9

transports lipid from intestinal cells into the body

Question 10

VLDL

Answer 10

-transport lipids to adipose and muscle tissue
- made up of triglycerides

Question 11

LDL

Answer 11

carry cholesterol from the liver to the body
- made up of cholesterol

Question 12

HDL

Answer 12

transport cholesterol back into the liver
- made up of protein

Question 13

3 functions of sterols

Answer 13

1. emulsify fat
2. chemical messenger
3. bone metabolism

Question 14

GIP

Answer 14

produced by duodenum
- inhibits gastric motility and secretion of acid

Question 15

Secretin

Answer 15

hormone produced by the duodenum when stomach acid is below pH 4.5

Question 16

Gastrin

Answer 16

Hormone produced by G cells
promotes the release of HCL and controls the release of pepsin

Question 17

CCK

Answer 17

hormone produced by the duodenum

stimulates the release of digestive enzymes due to lipid-rich chyme

Question 18

Digestion of carbs in the pancreas

Answer 18

pancreatic amylase

breaks down starch into small poly and maltose

Question 19

Insulin

Answer 19

beta cells from the pancreas to break down glucose in blood

Question 20

Glucogenesis

Answer 20

production of glucose from amino acids in the liver

Question 21

Glucagon

Answer 21

production of alpha cells in the pancreas

stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose

Question 22

Transamination

Answer 22

transfers amine group from one amino acid to a new amino acid and a keto acid

Question 23

What denatures proteins

Answer 23

HCL

Question 24

Pepsin

Answer 24

cleaves proteins into smaller peptides

Question 25

What breaks down polypeptides

Answer 25

pancreatic and intestinal protease

Question 26

Renin

Answer 26

produced by the liver to regulate BP

Question 27

Glycolysis

Answer 27

glucose converted to pyruvate

Question 28

Deamination

Answer 28

removal of amine group from amino acids to form keto

Question 29

Transamination

Answer 29

amino group is transferred to keto to create new amino and keto

Question 30

Precursor of FAD

Answer 30

Riboflavin

Question 31

Precursor of NAD and NADP

Answer 31

niacin

Question 32

Precursor of biosynthesis for coenzyme A

Answer 32

pantothenic acid

Question 33

Superoxide

Answer 33

precursor of reactive O2 species

Question 34

How does O2 become a superoxide

Answer 34

O2 accepts a single electron during metabolism

Question 36

Oxidative stress

Answer 36

imbalances between production of reactive species and antioxidant defense

Question 37

What protects substances from being oxidized by being oxidized itself

Answer 37

Vitamin E and C

Question 38

Superoxide dismutase

Answer 38

converts free radical to O2 and hydrogen peroxide

Question 39

Catalase

Answer 39

protect the cell from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide

Question 40

What is catalase made up of

Answer 40

4 heme rings that pull electrons away from water bonds

Question 41

Converts hydrogen peroxide into water and O2

Answer 41

selenium

Question 42

Cations

Answer 42

sodium and potassium

Question 43

Anions

Answer 43

chloride and phosphate

Question 44

What is predominant in intracellular fluid

Answer 44

potassium and phosphate

Question 45

Predominant in extracellular fluid

Answer 45

sodium and chloride

Question 46

What is ADH

Answer 46

hormone secreted by the pituitary gland due to high electrolyte concentration in the blood

Question 47

Angio I

Answer 47

plasma protein activated by renin

Question 48

Angio II

Answer 48

secretion of aldosterone - increases BP

Question 49

Aldosterone

Answer 49

secreted by adrenal glands - triggers kidneys to reabsorb more sodium and chloride

Question 50

Helpcidin

Answer 50

hormone to regulate iron balance - secreted by the liver

Question 51

Iron absorption inhibiting factors

Answer 51

phylates oxalates

Question 52

Ghlerin

Answer 52

Protein/hormone that stimulates appetite