Neonatal

Question 1

Neonatal period (puppies and kittens) length and details

Answer 1

The first 2 to 4 weeks. Characterized by complete dependence on the mother for nutrition, warmth, care, and overall survival because of incomplete neurologic functions, such as audio and visual abilities and proper spinal reflexes.

Question 2

Neonatal encephalopathy:

Answer 2

“Dummy foal” or neonatal maladjustment syndrome.

Results in abnormal behavior, poor nursing ability, weakness, and is associated with other problems, such as sepsis, neonatal gastroenteropathy, and neonatal nephropathy.

Question 3

Failure of passive transfer (FPT)

Answer 3

A condition in which maternal antibodies from mare’s colostrum are not received by foal within 24 hours of birth.

Question 4

Neonatal nephropathy

Answer 4

Renal insufficiency in a neonatal foal. May resolve or may be too severe for recovery

Question 5

Neonatal isoerythrolysis

Answer 5

Acute, severe anemia caused by destruction of offsprings’s red blood cells because of maternal antibodies causing an incompatibility reaction.

Species impacted: cats and horses

Question 6

Dysmaturity

Answer 6

Very large foal is born at longer-than-expected gestational age (e.g., 400 days), with long hair coat, erupted incisors, and often with limb deformities.

Question 7

Neonatal gastroenteropathy

Answer 7

A gastrointestinal condition characterized by abnormal absorption and motility of the GI tract. This leads to intolerance of enteral nutrition, with signs such as reflux seen after feeding.

Question 8

Colitis in a foal

Answer 8

often caused by an infectious organism, such as rotavirus, Salmonella spp., or Clostridium spp.

Requires immediate treatment in an isolated stall.

Question 9

Patent urachus

Answer 9

A condition in which urine leaks from the foal’s urachus because it is not closing.

Question 10

Urachus

Answer 10

A remnant of the fetal allantois (fetal membrane) that drains the fetal urinary bladder and exits the fetal abdomen via the umbilical cord.

Question 11

Meconium

Answer 11

First feces of a newborn

Question 12

Omphalitis

Answer 12

Infection/inflammation of the umbilicus

Question 13

Bagging up

Answer 13

The term for the pre-parturition change in the mare of udder enlargement

Question 14

Nosocomial

Answer 14

acquired from the hospital environment

Question 15

Bluish discolorations of a neonate’s skin are indicative of a neonate with

Answer 15

cyanosis

Question 16

dark red discolorations of a neonate’s skin are indicative of

Answer 16

sepsis

Question 17

Puppies and kittens are unable to maintain their body temperature during

Answer 17

First two weeks of life

Question 18

In general, foals have a higher ________ and _____ concentration for the first 24 hours before gradually decreasing.
(Blood work)

Answer 18

Packed cell count (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hb)

Question 19

Meconium retention signs

Answer 19

signs of abdominal discomfort, such as tail flagging and rolling

Question 20

parturition

Answer 20

Labor in mammals

Question 21

Bacteremia

Answer 21

Infection of the blood stream

Question 22

Petechiae

Answer 22

Small areas of hemorrhaging

Question 23

Colostrum

Answer 23

The first milk, which contains the antibodies.

Question 24

Holosystolic flow murmur (neonate)

Answer 24

happens when the heart is pushing blood out to your body. A normal finding during neonate heart auscultation in an otherwise healthy foal

Question 25

Glycosuria

Answer 25

Sugar int he urine

Question 26

Primiparous

Answer 26

Describes an animal that has given birth once.

Question 27

Puppies/kittens can crawl in a coordinated manner at

Answer 27

1 week

Question 28

Puppies/kittens can lift their head

Answer 28

Three days of age

Question 29

To evaluate a neonates hydration status edit find the other card that disagrees with this

Answer 29

urine color is evaluated instead of skin turgor

Question 30

How often should an orphan puppy or kitten be weighed

Answer 30

Twice a day

Question 31

A pediatric thermometer should measure as low as

Answer 31

85F or 29.4C

Question 32

Dog testicles descend at

Answer 32

6 to 8 weeks of age

Question 33

Healthy puppies and kittens will nurse as frequently as every _____

Answer 33

2 to 4 hours

Question 34

The external ear canals of puppies and kittens will open at the age of

Answer 34

14 to 16 days

Question 35

When obtaining blood from a neonate, the percentage of the circulating blood volume obtained during a week should not exceed

Answer 35

10%

Question 36

A hospitalized foal should be weighed

Answer 36

Daily (if possible)

Question 37

Puppies and kittens are able to stand with good postural reflexes at the end of week

Answer 37

Three

Question 38

Because animals have immature kidneys, it is considered normal to find urine with a specific gravity between

Answer 38

1.012 and 1.020.

Question 39

A dog/cat neonate is considered hypothermic if at birth the body temperature drops below .

Answer 39

94F

Question 40

The acceptable route(s) of fluid administration in the neonate is/are

Answer 40

IV or IO only

Question 41

21. When administering fluids intraosseously to a neonate, a 20-or 22-gauge needle can be placed in the

Answer 41

proximal tibia or proximal femur

Question 42

Any disease process or fluid or electrolyte imbalance in neonatal animals will quickly lead to

Answer 42

dehydration.

Question 43

Occasionally a mare will develop a problem in late-term pregnancy. These mares are referred to as

Answer 43

high-risk mares

Question 44

The average gestational length for the mare is

Answer 44

340

Question 45

The veterinarian will perform a rectal examination and transrectal ultrasound on a pregnant mare at approximately

Answer 45

30 days, 90 days, and 120 days.

Question 46

During the first week of life, healthy foals

Answer 46

nurse often and stay within close proximity of the mare.

Question 47

Stage 1 labor- mare

Answer 47

(lasts 1 to 4 hours): Uterine contractions Changes in behavior (agitation, pacing, kicking of abdomen, turning and biting at sides,) Lifting of tail head Sweating around the shoulders (foaling to occur within 30 minutes)

Question 48

Stage 2 labor- mare

Answer 48

(Delivery shouldn't exceed 30 minutes.): Placenta ruptures and allantoic fluid passes. Foal is delivered. Ensure that the foal's nose is uncovered. This stage involves active labor and the mare will lie down and have strong contractions until the foal is safely delivered

Question 49

Stage 3 labor- mare

Answer 49

expulsion of the fetal membranes. Normally, the fetal membranes pass rapidly (within 3 hours) after delivery of the foal.

Question 50

A neonate’s umbilical cord will dry out during its first day of life and is expected to fall off by day

Answer 50

Second to third

Question 51

Motor skills of the neonatal puppy

Answer 51

crawling, suckling, purring, vocalization

Question 52

First deworming treatment for puppies and kittens

Answer 52

Beginning of week 2

Question 53

Deworming of puppies and kittens is mostly aimed at

Answer 53

Roundworms

Question 54

Kittens will have doubled their birth weight by

Answer 54

7 to 10

Question 55

Puppies will have doubled their birth weight by

Answer 55

10 to 12

Question 56

Clinical signs in a chilled neonate with a body temperature above 88° F

Answer 56

include restlessness, continuous crying, red mucous membranes, and skin that feels cold to the touch.

Question 57

When the body temperature of a small animal neonate falls into the range of ____________________________ ° F to ____________________________ ° F, the neonate appears lethargic and uncoordinated, but responsive.

Answer 57

78F to 85F

Question 58

Raising the body temperature of a neonate more than ____________________________ ° F is usually fatal because of delayed organ failure.

Answer 58

4F

Question 59

The hydration status of a neonate is best checked by looking at the

Answer 59

mucus membranes

Question 60

All fluids should be warmed to ____________________________ before administration to the neonate, unless the neonate is substantially colder.

Answer 60

98-99 degrees F or 36.6-36.7 degrees C

Question 61

Tacky or dry mucous membranes in a neonate indicate

Answer 61

5 to 7% dehydration

Question 62

Dry mucus membranes and decreased skin elasticity in a neonate indicate

Answer 62

10% dehydration

Question 63

Temperature of kittens and puppies at birth

Answer 63

94.5°F–97.3°F

Question 64

Kittens/puppies body temperature during the first week

Answer 64

94.7°F–100.1°F

Question 65

Kitten Testicles

Answer 65

Freely movable into and out of the scrotum until the cat reaches about 7 months of age.

Question 66

Kitten/puppy Body temperature between 78°F and 85°F clinical signs

Answer 66

Lethargy Uncoordinated movement Lowering of heart and respiratory rates Moisture around corners of the mouth Impaired metabolism leading to hypoglycemia

Question 67

Hypoglycemia signs in puppy/kitten

Answer 67

Crying Irritability Increased appetite Seizures Lethargy Stupor Dullness Coma Tremors

Question 68

Which blood type in kittens can have Neonatal isoerythrolysis

Answer 68

blood type A kittens born to a blood type B queen

Question 69

Normal presentation of foal birth

Answer 69

the foal's forelegs are extended (one hoof should be a little ahead of the other) and the head should be stretched along the forelegs.

Question 70

Foals nurse within

Answer 70

3 hours

Question 71

Foal's first urination and passing meconium

Answer 71

urination within 12 hours and meconium within 2 hours

Question 72

Foal starts running within

Answer 72

24 hours

Question 73

Foal stands

Answer 73

within 1 to 2 hours

Question 74

foal menace response within

Answer 74

a few weeks

Question 75

How often do you apply 1 percent iodine to a foal's umbilical remnant

Answer 75

at birth, then 3 times per day for 2 days.