Physical Therapy, etc

Question 1

Complementary medicine

Answer 1

is used in conjunction with conventional medicine,

Question 2

Alternative medicine

Answer 2

approaches are used in lieu of conventional medicine

Question 3

Nutraceuticals

Answer 3

food and nutritive substances with medicinal effects. These are regulated by the FDA as dietary supplements and food additives

Question 4

Chondroprotectants

Answer 4

Medicinal substances used for cartilage health.

Question 5

Glucosamine and Chondroitin

Answer 5

Mechanism of action is inhibition of enzymes that degrade cartilage and decreased production of pro-inflammatory substances. This is achieved in the following ways:

Production of glycosaminoglycans and hyaluronic acid
Preventing degeneration of type II collagen of joint cartilage

Question 6

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Answer 6

Unsaturated fats found in various types of fish and other seafood, flaxseeds, and chia seeds

Used for certain cardiovascular and dermatologic conditions and to help decrease pain and lameness associated with osteoarthritis.

Question 7

Types of omega-3 fatty acids

Answer 7

eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

Question 8

Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycans

Answer 8

An injectable substance that’s FDA-approved prescription for use in horses and dogs (adequan)

It is thought to inhibit the breakdown of collagen and stimulate its synthesis. Helps to lessen joint pain and inflammation.

Question 9

Adequan

Answer 9

Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycans

Question 10

Hyaluronic Acid treatment

Answer 10

Injection into joints reduces pain and inflammation. It’s found to stimulate the production of hyaluronic acid by the body in horses with joint conditions.

Question 11

Aloe vera

Answer 11

used externally for burns and internally to lower blood sugar levels. Western herbal medicne

Question 12

Ginkgo biloba

Answer 12

for mental alertness. Western Herbal medince

Question 13

Valerian root

Answer 13

(Valerian officinalis) for anxiety. Western herbal medicine

Question 14

Turmeric

Answer 14

is an Ayurvedic medicine used for arthritis and liver conditions.

Question 15

Ginger

Answer 15

is a well-known Chinese herb often used to relieve nausea, and it may have beneficial effects on the joints and the cardiovascular system.

Question 16

substances released by the body in response to acupuncture include

Answer 16

endorphins, enkephalins (pain modulation) gamma-aminobutyric acid,) and cortisol.

Question 17

meridians (acupuncture)

Answer 17

Energy pathways. each meridian has various acupuncture points that can affect body systems and organs.

Question 18

Type I acupuncture point

Answer 18

Motor points, located where nerves enter muscles

Question 19

Type II acupuncture point

Answer 19

Located on superficial nerves

Question 20

Type III acupuncture point EDIT

Answer 20

Located in areas with a high density of superficial nerves and nerve nexus

Question 21

Type IV acupuncture point

Answer 21

Found at tendon-muscle junctions

Question 22

Methods of acupuncture

Answer 22

Pressure (using fingers, palms, or special devices)
Dry needle (most commonly used in veterinary medicine)
Electrostimulation
Aqua-acupuncture
Moxibustion (burning of mugwort leaves)
Laser

Question 23

veterinary sports medicine and rehabilitation

Answer 23

In 2010, the American Veterinary Medical Association approved this specialty area
The overall goals of rehabilitation are to reduce or eliminate pain and restore function and quality of life.

Rehabilitation therapies are used most commonly to address musculoskeletal and neurologic dysfunction.

Question 24

Myotherapy

Answer 24

manual therapy that focuses on massage techniques. This form of therapy can be used for repetitive strain injuries, osteoarthritis, enhancing performance in sports dogs, lameness, and other issues

Question 25

Effleurage

Answer 25

is most commonly used massage therapy in animals and entails a gliding stroke that follows the contour of the body.

Question 26

Pétrissage

Answer 26

is a kneading motion characterized by lifting, squeezing, then releasing tissue.

Question 27

Friction therapy

Answer 27

is used over tendons and trigger points to break up skin adhesions and scar tissue (used 3 to 4 weeks after injury).

Question 28

Tapotement

Answer 28

is a tapping motion of the hands or fingers to stimulate nerve endings.

Question 29

Coupage

Answer 29

is a form of tapotement that uses cupped hand strokes to relieve lung congestion.

Question 30

Vibration therapy

Answer 30

involves shaking or rocking of the tissue and can aid in muscle relaxation.

Question 31

Passive range of motion

Answer 31

uses nonpainful stretching exercises. The stretched muscles are also massaged. Joints without contractures are extended and flexed for a period of time (taking care not to overextend the limb joints). This type of therapy helps stimulate cartilage regeneration and nutrition in joints.

Question 32

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

Answer 32

is used to induce the release of endogenous opioids for pain relief. However, this provides only short-term relief.

Question 33

Neuromuscular Stimulation

Answer 33

Electrical-based therapies involve applying electrical currents to induce muscle contraction to improve muscle strength and reduce or reverse disuse muscle atrophy. Includes TENS

Question 34

Therapeutic Ultrasound

Answer 34

Sound waves can be used to stimulate blood flow, decrease muscle pain and spasms, and accelerate wound healing. The intensity of the treatment determines whether there are thermal effects of the therapy.

Question 35

Extracorporeal Shockwave

Answer 35

Short-duration (3–5 minutes), high-energy sound waves are delivered to specific body areas. It helps decrease inflammation and increase blood flow to an area. Uses include treating arthritis, tendinopathies, wounds, and fractures. Due to the loud sounds with this technique, patients are sedated for the procedure.

Question 36

Cryotherapy:

Answer 36

Application of cold temperature to the body leads to vasoconstriction to reduce postoperative bleeding and bruising.

Question 37

Thermotherapy:

Answer 37

Heat is applied to the body to reduce pain by increasing circulation and muscle contractility.

Question 38

Assistive Devices (physical therapy)

Answer 38

These help in recovery and in cases where full restoration of function isn't possible. Harnesses and slings -used by caregivers and therapists to help animals with weight bearing and balance. Protective devices - prevent injury of body parts in animals with mobility problems. Braces - provide bodily support when an animal can't bear its full weight. Special wheelchairs and quad chairs (that support the head and neck) are available for animals with paresis or paralysis.