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Neoplasia 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Neoplasia means?

A

New growth

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2
Q

Greek word of tumor

A

Oncos

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3
Q

A collection of cells and stroma composing new growths

A

Neoplasms

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4
Q

Two components of a tumor or neoplasm

A

Tumor parenchyma and reactive stroma

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5
Q

A component of tumor or neoplasm that is composed of neoplastic cells. It also determines the tumor classification and their biologic behavior

A

Tumor parenchyma

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6
Q

A component of neoplasm that is made up of connective tissue, blood vessels and cells of the adaptive and innate immune system. It determines the growth and spread of the tumor

A

Reactive stroma

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7
Q

Remained localized at their site of origin and are generally amenable to surgical removal

A

Benign tumors

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8
Q

Types of benign tumors

A

Mesenchymal and epithelial

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9
Q

Suffix for benign tumors, both in mesenchymal and epithelial

A

“Oma”

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10
Q

Derived from glandular tissues even if the tumor cell fails to form glandular structures

A

Adenoma

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11
Q

Fingerlike or warty projections

A

Papilloma - epithelial tumors

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12
Q

A benign tumor that is a large cystic mass (in the ovary)

A

Cystadenoma

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13
Q

Benign tumors that isa papillary projection that protrudes into cystic spaces

A

Papillary cystadenoma

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14
Q

Benign tumor that is grossly visible projection above a mucosal surface
e.g gastric or colonic lumen

A

Polyp

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15
Q

Benign tumor that is a polypoid tissue with containing glandular elements

A

Adenomatous polyp

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16
Q

Can invade and destroy adjacent structure and spread to distant sites

A

Malignant tumor

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17
Q

Suffix for malignant tumor

A

Sarcoma

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18
Q

Types of malignant tumor

A

Mesenchymal tumor
Epithelial tumors
Mixed tumors

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19
Q

What are mesenchymal tumors

A

A malignant tumor that are Blood forming cells ( leukemia and lymphoma )

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20
Q

Malignant epithelial tumors are called?

A

Carcinoma

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21
Q

Tumors having more than one line of differentiation

A

Mixed tumor

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22
Q

Examples of mixed tumors

A

Mature cystic teratoma
Dermoid cyst

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23
Q

Greek sar = ?

24
Q

Benign and malignant name for connective tissues and derivatives

Fibrous tissue
Adipocytes
Cartilage cells
Bone cells
Muscle cells
- smooth
- striated

Study These Flashcards
A

Fibroma - fibrosarcoma
Lipoma - liposarcoma
Chondroma -chondrosarcoma
Osteoma - osteogenic sarcoma
Leiomyoma - leiomyosarcoma
Rhabdomyoma - rhabdomyosarcoma

25
Vessels and surface coverings Blood vessels Lymph vessels Mesothelium Brain covering
Hemangioma - angiosarcoma Lymphangioma - lymphangiosarcoma Benign fibrous tumor - mesothelioma Meningioma - invasive meningioma
26
Tissue origin of meningioma
Meningothelial cells
27
Blood cells and related cell types Hematopoietic cells Lymphoid tissues
Malignant: - leukemias - lymphomas
28
Tumors of epithelial origin: Stratified squamous Basal cells of skin or adnexa Melanocytes Epithelial lining of glands or ducts Respiratory passages Renal epithelium Liver cells Urinary tract epithelium (transitional epithelium) Placenta epithelium Testicular epithelium (germ cells)
Squamous cell papilloma - squamous cells carcinoma ——— basal cell carcinoma Nevus - malignant melanoma Adenoma papilla cystadenoma - adenocarcinoma papillary carcinomas cystadenocarcinoma Bronchial adenoma - bronchogenic carcinoma Renal tubular adenoma - renal cell carcinoma Hepatic adenoma - hepatocellular carcinoma Transitional cell papilloma - transitional cell carcinoma Hydatidiform mole - choriocarcinoma ——— seminoma embryonal carcinoma
29
More than one neoplastic cell type - mixed tumors, usually derived from one germ cell layer Salvary glands Renal anlage
Pleomorphic adenoma (mixed tumor of salivary origin) - malignant mixed tumor of salivary gland origin —— wilms tumor
30
More than one neoplastic cell type derived from more than one germ cell layer - teratogenous Totipotential cells in gonads or i embryonic rests
Mature teratoma - immature teratoma dermoid cyst —- teratocarcinoma
31
A benign neoplasm that has a disorganized masses composed of cells indigenous to the involved tissue
Hamartomas
32
Heterotopic (misplaced) rest of cells
Choristoma or heterotopia
33
Comparison between benign and malignant tumor Differentiation/anaplasia Rate of growth Local invasion Metastasis
BENIGN - well differentiated - usually progressive and slow - does not infiltrate or invade surrounding normal tissues - absent MALIGNANT - lack differentiation (anaplasia) - erratic - locally invasive - frequent: with large undifferentiated primary tumors
34
The spread of tumor to sites that are physically discontinuous with the primary tumor
Metastasis
35
Typical of spread of sarcomas but is also seen with carcinomas
Hematogenous spread
36
Most carcinoma are found to have what spread?
Lymphatic spread
37
3 categories of metastasis?? Or carcinomas
1. Direct seeding of body cavities or surface 2. Lymphatic spread 3. Hematogenous spread
38
Abnormal nuclear morphology
1. Increased N:C ratio 2. Nuclear shape 3. Chromatin 4. Hyperchromatism
39
What is the normal N:C ratio
1:4 to 1:6
40
Variation in cell size and shape
Pleomorphism
41
Morphologic change of malignant neoplasm
Poorly and moderately differentiated neoplasms Pleomorphism Abnormal nuclear morphology
42
Reflects high rate of proliferation
Mitoses
43
sheets or large masses of tumor cells grow in a disorganized fashion
Loss of polarity
44
What kind of necrosis occurs inmalignant neoplasms
Ischemic necrosis
45
Replacement of one differentiated cell type with another Prone ti malignant transformation
Metaplasia
46
Metaplasia of barret esophagus and squamous metaplasia of bronchus
BE - squamous to columnar epithelium SMB - respiratory epithelium to squamous epithelium
47
Means disordered growth May exhibit - pleomorphism - large hyperchromatic nuclei - high N:C ratio
Dysplasia
48
A precursor to malignancy
Dysplasia
49
Full thickness dysplasia No breach in the basement membrane
Carcinoma in situ
50
Where can you see carcinoma in situ
Skin, breast, bladder and uterine cervix
51
High probability of progression to invasive acncer
Carcinoma in situ
52
Examples of local invasion - malignant neoplasm
Invasive ductal carcinoma - breast
53
Tissue origin of mature teratoma and dermoid cyst
Totipotential cells in gonads or in embryonic rests
54
Examples of local invasion - benign neoplasm
Fibroadenoma Hemangioma
55
The study of new growth or neoplasms
Oncology
56
examples of epithelial tumor in malignant tumor
squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma
57

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