Nerve Cells

Question 1

What are the classifications for the nervous system

Answer 1

Structures
Activities

Question 2

What is the CNS

Answer 2

Central Nervous system. Consisting of brain and spinal cord

Question 3

What is the PNS

Answer 3

Peripheral nervous system. Nerves that are based off of origin.

Question 4

Where do nerves originate from

Answer 4

The brain or the spinal cord

Question 5

What are cranial nerves

Answer 5

Nerves from the brain. There are 12 pairs

Question 6

What are spinal nerves

Answer 6

Nerves from the spinal cord. There are 31 pairs

Question 7

What are the types of FUNCTIONAL classifications of nerves

Answer 7

Sensory nerves/ Afferent nerves
Interneurons
Motor Neurons/ Efferent nerves

Question 8

What do sensory/afferent nerves do

Answer 8

They take nerve impulses from all over the body, UP to the CNS (brain/spinal cord)

Question 9

Where are interneurons located

Answer 9

They are located in between sensory and motor nerves. They are entirely INSIDE the CNS. Sensory -> motor

Question 10

Motor Neurons take impulses ______ the CNS and to _______

Answer 10

From; muscles or glands

Question 11

How many types of motor neurons are there

Answer 11

2 types. Somatic and Autonomic

Question 12

This system’s function is voluntary and goes to the skeletal muscles

Answer 12

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

Question 13

This system’s function is involuntary, it goes to the cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and all glands

Answer 13

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Question 14

What are the two branches of the ANS

Answer 14

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 15

Aroused by the body, For emergencies, Fight or flight, Shuts down digestive and urinary systems, HR goes up, Adrenaline is released, dry mouth, etc

Answer 15

Sympathetic NS

Question 16

This system calms the body, Stimulates digestive and urinary system, Brings HR down, Hydrates mouth, and is used the most daily

Answer 16

Parasympathetic NS

Question 17

What is the name of the neurons found INSIDE the CNS?

Answer 17

Interneurons

Question 18

How many cranial nerves are there?

Answer 18

12 pairs

Question 19

How many spinal nerves are there?

Answer 19

31 pairs

Question 20

What is nerve tissue composed of

Answer 20

Neurons and Glial cells

Question 21

The main cells of the NS that can make and conduct nerve impulses

Answer 21

Neurons

Question 22

What are neuroglial/glial cells

Answer 22

They support, protect and connect. They cannot make or conduct nerve impulses

Question 23

What are the types of classifications for Glial cells

Answer 23

Schwann Cells
Oligodendocytes
Microgial cells
Astrocytes
Ependymal Cells
Satellite cells

Question 24

What is the function of myelin

Answer 24

Increases speed of nerve impulse

Question 25

Which system contains Schwann cells, CNS or PNS?

Answer 25

PNS

Question 26

The glial cells that make myelin around the nerves in the PNS

Answer 26

SCHWANN cells

Question 27

Glial cells that make myelin around the nerves IN THE CNS

Answer 27

Oligodendrocytes

Question 28

Microglial cells function

Answer 28

Protection of the nervous system by PHAGOCYTOSIS

Question 29

Star shaped cell that wraps around the brain capillaries and makes Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) for protection

Answer 29

Astrocytes

Question 30

Ependymal cells:

Answer 30

Line fluid filled cavities in the CNS. Have cilia.

Question 31

Cells that go around the neurons body for protection

Answer 31

Satellite cells

Question 32

What are the components of the neuron cell

Answer 32

Dendrites, Body/Soma, Axon, and Axon terminals

Question 33

What are dendrites:

Answer 33

Short, branched extensions with any quantity

Question 34

Body / Soma of a neuron:

Answer 34

Contains nucleus, mitochondria etc

Question 35

What is the neurons axon

Answer 35

Long, only one axon with 3 axon terminals

Question 36

What is the direction of travel for ALL impulses in a neuron

Answer 36

Received at the dendrites -> body -> axon Cannot travel any other direction

Question 37

What is neurilemma

Answer 37

Plasma membrane of schwann cells

Question 38

What is myelin

Answer 38

White chemical inside schwann cell, fat, makes impulses faster

Question 39

What are the Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 39

The space in between Schwann cells. Nerve impulses "jump" in between nodes to travel faster

Question 40

Can Nerves with neurilemma regenerate?

Answer 40

Yes

Question 41

Do nerves actually make contact with each other?

Answer 41

NO, Communication is allowed by the synapse

Question 42

What is the synapse

Answer 42

The space between neurons that allows communications

Question 43

_______ are released by axon terminals that then stick to dendrites to possibly stimulate the next neuron

Answer 43

Neurotransmitters

Question 44

How many neurotransmitter types are there

Answer 44

1. Stimulatory 2. Inhibitory

Question 45

"Green lights" for nerve impulses that let the nerve pass

Answer 45

Stimulatory neurotransmitters

Question 46

"Red Lights" that stop nerve impulses from passing

Answer 46

Inhibitory Neurotransmitters

Question 47

What are the two types of Inhibitory Neurotransmitters

Answer 47

Enkephalines Endorphines They both stop nerve impulses associated with pain. "Natural Pain killers"

Question 48

What is the disease involving a lack of dopamine in the body

Answer 48

Parkinson's disease

Question 49

What type of neurotransmitter are endorphins

Answer 49

Inhibitory

Question 50

What are the compartments of the brain?

Answer 50

1. Cerebrum/Cerebral cortex 2. Cerebellum 3. Dienchephalon 4. Brainstem

Question 51

What are the three parts of the brain stem

Answer 51

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata

Question 52

What is the cerebrum responsible for

Answer 52

It is the largest portion of the brain, it is responsible for all VOLUNTARY function

Question 53

What does the cerebellum do

Answer 53

It is the second largest portion of the brain located posteriorly. It is responsible for balance, coordination and posture

Question 54

What is the "core" of the brain

Answer 54

Diencephalon, Contains the thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus

Question 55

Brainstem components are

Answer 55

3 parts: Midbrain Pons Medulla Oblongata

Question 56

What does the midbrain do

Answer 56

Responsible for reflex movement of head and neck to sound stimulus

Question 57

What is involved in the DEPTH and RATE of breathing

Answer 57

Pons

Question 58

Lowest part of the brain that has 3 centers known as the "vital center of the brain"

Answer 58

Medulla oblongata

Question 59

What are the three centers of the medulla oblongata

Answer 59

Cardiac Center: Controls HR and rythym Respiratory Control Center: Inspiration and Exhalation Vasomotor Center: Adjusts diameter of blood vessels, controls BP

Question 60

What is the grey matter of the cerebrum?

Answer 60

Unmyelinated Grey surface of the cerebrum

Question 61

What is the white matter of the cerebrum

Answer 61

White core, Myelinated portion of the cerebrum

Question 62

Name for the crack/crevice down the middle of the cerebrum

Answer 62

Sagittal/Longitudinal fissure. Creates a left and right hemisphere of cerebrum

Question 63

Commonly, what is the most dominant hemisphere?

Answer 63

The left hemisphere. It controls verbal communication and analysis

Question 64

What does the right hemisphere control?

Answer 64

Nonverbal communications, emotions, and artistic ability

Question 65

Explain how the cerebrum works contralaterally?

Answer 65

Right side controls the left and vice versa

Question 66

How many lobes are there in the cerebrum?

Answer 66

8 Lobes (4 pairs) Frontal lobes Parietal Lobes Temporal Lobes Occipital Lobes

Question 67

What are each lobes responsible for?

Answer 67

Frontal: computer of the brain, thinking, personality, speech, motor planning etc Parietal: skin sensors, reading, writing, math Temporal: Memory, hearing, emotion, learning Occipital: Vision and depth perception

Question 68

What does the corpus callesum do

Answer 68

Allows/makes communication between the left and right hemispheres of the brain. "A Bridge of nerves"