The Skeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
What are the parts of the skeletal system
A
Bones, Joints, Cartilages and Ligaments
2
Q
What are ligaments
A
Cord-like structures that connect bone to bone
3
Q
What are the two subdivisions of the skeletal system?
A
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Bones
4
Q
Head (Cephalic), Thoracic Cage, Vertebral column, and associated bones are part of
A
Axial Skeleton
5
Q
Arms, Shoulders, Legs, Hips and Pelvis are part of what skeletal subdivision
A
Appendicular Bones
6
Q
Functions of the bones
A
Support the body (Framework), Protection of vital organs, Allow movement thanks to muscular attachment, Storage of minerals, and makes blood cell formation. (Red bone marrow)
7
Q
How many bones in the human body
A
206
8
Q
How are bones classified
A
Density and Shape
9
Q
What are the two types of densities
A
Compact Bones
Spongey Bones
10
Q
Dense Smooth and Homogenous bones
A
Compact
11
Q
Sponge shaped, “rooms” inside, contain red bone marrow, and Trabeculae (small needle like pieces)
A
Spongey Bones
12
Q
What are the types of shapes of bones
A
Long Bones
Short Bones
Irregular Bones
Flat Bones
Round Bones
13
Q
Longest bone in the body
A
Femur
14
Q
Cluster of bones. You have 8 carpal bones in your wrist and 7 tarsal bones in your ankle. What kind are they
A
Short Bones
15
Q
Irregular bones
A
Vertebral Column bones
16
Q
Flat Bones
A
Sternum, Ribs
17
Q
Round Bones
A
Also called sesamoid bones, Patella
18
Q
What is the gross anatomy of a long bone
A
Proximal Epiphysis
Epiphyseal Line
Diaphysis
Distal Epiphysis
Endosteum and Periosteum
19
Q
What is on the exterior of the epiphysis’ that allows for connection to other cartilage
A
Articular Cartilage
20
Q
What does the epiphysis contain
A
Spongey bone with Red Bone Marrow
21
Q
What does the Diaphysis contain
A
Compact bone containing medullary cavity with yellow bone marrow
22
Q
Yellow bone marrow is located in the _____ of the _______
A
Medullary cavity; diaphysis
23
Q
What lines the medullary cavity
A
Endosteum
24
Q
What lines the Long bone
A
Periosteum
25
Another name for the diaphysis
Shaft
26
What is the difference between epiphyseal plate and the epiphyseal line?
The plate is found in immature bones that have not reached their largest point. It is composed of hyaline cartilage, showing signs of future growth
The line is a sign of a mature bone. The bone will not grow any longer
27
Bone making cells that shift calcium from the blood to the bone
Osteoblasts
28
Bone REMOVING cells. They shift calcium from bones to the blood
Osteoclasts
29
Basic Structural and functional unit of a compact bone
Osteon
30
Central Canal of an osteon
Filled with small arteries, nerves, and small veins
31
Passageways for nutrients in bone cells
Canaliculi
32
Rooms inside of an osteon
Lacuna
33
Where are osteocytes located?
Inside of the lacuna
34
Each ring found around a central canal of an osteon
Lamella
35
How many cranial bones are there for brain protection
8 bones
Frontal bone: Forehead
Parietal bone: 2 on top of the head
Temporal bones: 2 on sides of head
Occipital: back of head
Ethmoid and sphenoid: floor of the skull
36
What is the foramen magnum?
Passageway for spinal bone. Biggest foramen in the body
37
Bones on the side of the head?
Temporal bones, styloid process, mastoid process and external auditory canal/meatus
38
Sphenoid contains which “saddle”?
Turkish saddle. Butterfly bone. Contains sella turcica which contains the pituitary gland
39
How many facial bones are there?
14 bones
40
What are the facial bones
Nasal bones (2)
Maxillary bones (2) upper jaw
Zygomatic bones (2) cheek/malar
Lacrimal bones (2) inner corner of eye
Palatine bones(2) roof of mouth
Vomer bone (1) nasal septum
Inferior nasal conchae (2) inside nose
Mandible (1) lower jaw
41
Bones of the upper jaw
Maxillary
42
Roof of the mouth bones
Palatine
43
Inner corner of the eye bones
Lacrimal bones
44
Cheek bones
Zygomatic/Malar bones
45
Small bones in the nose
Nasal bones
46
Nasal SEPTUM bone
Vomer bone
47
Bones INSIDE the nose
Inferior Nasal Conchae bones
48
Only facial bone that moves
Mandible, the lower jaw
49
How many paranasal sinuses are there?
4 major sinuses
50
What are the 4 major sinuses?
Frontal sinus
Ethmoid sinus
Sphenoid sinus
Maxillary sinus
51
Ethmoid bone has how many plates?
2. The cruciform plate and the perpendicular plate.
52
What is significant of the perpendicular plate ?
It is part of the nasal septum
53
Describe the nasal septum and its components
Nasal septum has cartilage, vomer bone, and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
54
What is the palate?
Contains the roof of the mouth, the floor of the nose, and is a partition separating nose from the mouth.
55
How many bones are in the palate?
4 bones total. 2 maxillary bones and 2 palatine bones
56
What is the mandible connected to?
The TMJ the temporomandobular joint
57
What are the names of the joints in the cephalic bones that have no movement?
Sutures
58
59
What are the functions of paranasal sinuses ?
Make skull lighter,
change the quality of the voice to make it better and louder,
Smell
60
What is the hyoid bone?
A U shaped bone that is attached to the tongue. Only bone that doesn’t connect with another bone. Aids in swallowing and speech
61
How many vertebrae are there?
26 total
C1-C7
T1-T12
L1-L5
1 sacrum and 1 coccyx
62
Which are the only moveable vertebrae ?
C1-L5
All cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae
63
What is “atlas” and “axis” ?
C1 and C2 pivot joint. Gives us the ability to move our head
64
What is primary curvature?
Curvature in thoracic and sacral regions found in newborns. One curve at time of birth
65
What are secondary curvatures?
4 total curves. Cervical. Thoracic, lumbar. Sacral
66
What is the sternum
Located on anterior part of bony thorax. Has 3 parts, the manubrium, body and xyphoid process
67
What does the manubrium contain?
Jugular notch, clavicular notch, sternal angle (line between manubrium and sternum body, it is the landmark for the second ribs)
68
What is the largest part of the sternum?
The body. Most ribs connect to the body of the sternum
69
What is the xyphoid process
Cartilage, Landmark for CPR. Can be broken with enough force.
70
What kind of bones are the ribs and sternum
Flat bones
71
How many ribs are there?
24 total. 12 pairs
All are attached to thoracic vertebrae posteriorly
72
How many true ribs are there?
7 pairs of true ribs.
73
What does true rib mean
Ribs that connect to to the sternum by corral cartilages
74
What is a false rib
Ribs that do not have their own costal cartilages
75
What are floating ribs
No attachment to the sternum
76
How many false rib pairs are there
5 pairs
77
How many pairs of floating ribs are there?
2 pairs of floating ribs
78
What are associated bones of the axial skeletal
Hyoid bone and Ear ossicles
79
What are the ossicles
3 small bones in each ear.
Malleus
Incus
And Stapes
80
What is the appendicular skeleton
Arms, legs, shoulder and pelvis
81
What is another name for the shoulder
Pectoral girdle
82
How many bones are in the shoulder girdle
2. The clavicle and scapula
83
Clavicle bones other name
Collar bones
84
What is the clavicle
Flat bone which makes joint with sternum (sternoclavicular joint)and scapula (acromioclavicular joint)
85
What is the scapula
The shoulder blade.
Contains acromion process
Coracoid process
Glenoid cavity
86
What does the acromion process do?
Makes joint with clavicle
87
What does the coracoid process do
Muscle attachment
88
What is the purpose of the glenoid cavity
Makes joint with the head of the humerus. It is a ball and socket joint
89
What are the pros and cons of the shoulders girdle
Pro: exceptional flexibility
Con: poorly reinforced girdle
90
What is the humerus
Single bone that makes the upper arm
Second largest and longest bone in the body
91
What are the components of the humerus
Head
Anatomical Neck
Surgical Neck
Greater and Lesser tubercules
Body / Shaft
Epicondyles
92
Which parts of the humerus are for muscle attachments
The greater/lesser tubercles
The body and
Epicondyles
93
What is the difference between the surgical neck and the anatomical neck of the humerus
Surgical neck is the most common place for fracture
Anatomical neck is below the head
94
What is the Olecranal fossa
A depressed area located in the back diatal part of the bone. Olecranal process of the ulna bone enters to Olecranal fossa
95
What are the forearm bones
Radius and the ulnar bones
Radius is shorter and thicker. Lateral.
Ulnar is medial. And longer and thinner. Longer due to the olecranal process (point of the elbow)
96
What are the joints between the radius and ulnar
Proximal and distal radioulnar joints
97
How bones are in the elbow joint
3 bones. Radius. Ulnar and Humerus. Hinge movement. Only allows 180 degrees
98
How many wrist(carpal) bones are there
8 bones. Arranged in two rows.
4 proximal and 4 distal
99
What are metacarpal bones
Bones in the palms. They are 5 long bones. Thumb is the first metacarpal
100
What are phalanges
Finger bones. 14 in total. 3 in each finger except the thumb. Thumb only has two phalanges
101
How many coxal bones are in the pelvic bone
2 . Each coxal bone comes from the fusion of three bones
102
What are the 3 bones that are fused together to create a coxal bone
The ilium
The ischium
The pubis bone
103
Ilium has the _____ crest and makes joints with the _______
Iliac
Sacrum (sacroiliac joints)
104
What happens to the ischium to females during vaginal child birth
Expands to allow the head of the child to pass through
105
What is the joint between the two pubis bones called
The pubis symphysis
106
What is the upper thigh bone
Femur. Longest and heaviest bone in body.
Head of femur makes joint with the Acetabulum
107
What is the acetabulum
A socket between the ilium ischium and pubis bones
It is a ball and socket joint
108
What are the bones of the lower leg
Tibia: shin bone, medial, part of knee joint and weight bearing bone
Fibula: stick like bone , lateral, not weight bearing
109
What are the bones involved in the knee joint
Femur
Tibia
And patella
Hinge joint. 180 degrees
110
What are tarsal bones
Ankle bones. 7 short bones
111
What is the calcaneus bone
Heel bone. Largest bone in the ankle
112
What is the talus bone
Below the tibia and makes joint with tibia
113
How many metatarsal bones are there
5 metatarsal bones in the sole of the foot
114
How many phalanges are there in the foot
14 bones from the toes
115
How many arches are there in the foot
3 total.
2 longitudinal
1 transverse arch
