nervous system

Question 1

nervous system integration function

Answer 1

information gathering, processing info, sending a response to alter/control body functions/actions

Question 2

nervous system motor functions

Answer 2

initiate and regulate movement of body parts, regulate secretions from glands, maintain appropriate state of conscoiusness

Question 3

brain and spinal cord function

Answer 3

receive, analyze, store, integrate information. brain sends a signal or response that leads to some action in the body or by the body

Question 4

what is required from the nervous system?

Answer 4

rapid transmission of info from one site to another in the body, via electrical impulses.

Question 5

neuroglia/glial cells

Answer 5

supports NS structurally + functionally.
forms myelin which forms a sheath around the axon
anchors neurons
destroys pathogens
removes dead pathogens.

Question 6

neurons

Answer 6

second type of cell.
are excitable, develops action potentials.
involved in info transmission through CNS
need neutron for muscle contraction

Question 7

central neuron cell body

Answer 7

soma or perikaryon

- receives info from dendrites, processes it and decides what to do.

Question 8

dendrites

Answer 8

receive stimuli - part of neuron
short and multi branched. dendro = branch
transmits info to soma

Question 9

axons

Answer 9

conduct nerve pulses away from the cell
can be v long (>1m) or small.
conducts nervous impulse from soma to another neuron/cell
1 axon/neuron

Question 10

myelinated axon

Answer 10

conduct impulses faster

Question 11

myelin sheath

Answer 11

made of glial cells that are wrapped tightly around the axon. its white

Question 12

oligodendrites

Answer 12

myelin functions as the cell membrane for these functional glial cells inside the brain and spinal cord in CNS

Question 13

Schwann cells

Answer 13

myelin outside fo the brain and spinal cord, in peripheral nervous system

Question 14

nodes of ranvier

Answer 14

gaps between adjacent glial cells, works together w myelin sheaths to speed up transfer of the nerve inpulse

Question 15

central nervous system

Answer 15

includes brain and spinal cord, deals w central/cranial-caudal axis of the body

Question 16

peripheral nervous system

Answer 16

nerves that radiate from CNS to all other parts of the body, extends from central axis to periphery

Question 17

cranial nerves

Answer 17

PNS nerves that originate from the brain

Question 18

spinal nerves

Answer 18

PNS nerves that originate from the spinal cord

Question 19

afferent nerves

Answer 19

going to, carries nerves impulses towards CNS

- inc sensory nerves that carry sensations from sensory receipts in the skin and other parts of the body

Question 20

efferent nerves

Answer 20

going away
carries nerve impulses away from the CNS to muscles and other organs,
aka motor nerves, cause skeletal muscle contractions

Question 21

involuntary nerve functions controlled by the ANS

Answer 21

contract intestines
increase heart rate in response to threat
stim secretion of digestive juices
self-regulating system w automatic functions
doesnt go to skeletal, goes to smooth, cardiac, endocrine glands

Question 22

somatic NS function

Answer 22

voluntary part of the PNS

conscious/voluntary control of skeletal muscles

Question 23

sodium potassium pump

Answer 23

pumps Na+ to outside, K+ inside.

specialized to help maintain resting state of the cell

Question 24

resting membrane potential

Answer 24

diff in electron charge across neurons membrane

net negative charge

Question 25

excitability of resting/unstimulated neuron

Answer 25

presence of Na/K pump which pumps Na inside to outside against gradient, polarizes cell membrane - diff of electrical charge across membrane

Question 26

resting state nerve cell

Answer 26

neuron not being stimulated - na has been pumped out of cell - k pumped into cell - net negative charge

Question 27

depolarization

Answer 27

external stimuli causes the gates to open - Na channels open, only briefly happens bc of concentration gradient

Question 28

refractory period

Answer 28

no depolarization under any circumstances

Question 29

how does info travel down axon to send a signal

Answer 29

generation of action potential which results from adjoining neuron sending an impulse or presence of external stimuli to stem a neuron

Question 30

salatory conduction

Answer 30

its more efficient to skip parts of the neuron to speed up the process.

Question 31

what is multiple sclerosis (MS)

Answer 31

myelin sheath is damaged in nerves. loss of normal muscle control, unable to make coordinated movements.

Question 32

synaptic transmission

Answer 32

depolarization face or ap crosses entire axon - neuron must release a chemical that will cause subsequent synaptic transmission

Question 33

synapse?

Answer 33

junction between 2 neurons | nuron and target cell

Question 34

synaptic cleft

Answer 34

physical gap between neuron and celll located across the gap

Question 35

neurone that receives neurotransmitter from the synapse:

Answer 35

post synaptic neuron, doesnt have to be a neuron that receives a neuro transmitter, could be a muscle fibre, organ, or other tissue

Question 36

neurotransmitter

Answer 36

replaces | ap to stim depolarization of the embrace across synaptic cleft

Question 37

Ca2+ defficiency?

Answer 37

no Ca influx into knob membrane, no release of neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft. no stim of postsynaptic membrane across the synaptic cleft.

Question 38

excitatory neurotransmitters

Answer 38

causes Na influx through post synaptic membrane, membrane becomes depolarized a +'ve membrane potential

Question 39

inhibitory neurotransmittes

Answer 39

hyperpolarizes postsynaptic membrane, cell becomes more negative, RMP becomes more negative

Question 40

acetyl choline

Answer 40

excitatory at junction between somatic neutrons (voluntary) and muscles that stim muscle contraction. somehow related to bradycardia

Question 41

catecholamines

Answer 41

produced by adrenal medulla. inc epinephrine and norepinephrine (fight or flight)

Question 42

autonomic nervous system

Answer 42

motor and sensory nerves which transmit impulses to smooth and cardiac muscle. does not go to skeletal muscles includes sensory nerves self regulating includes sympathetic and parasympathetic NS

Question 43

what slide did u end at?

Answer 43

85

Question 44

function of nervous system

Answer 44

regulate body function and maintains homeostasis

Question 45

rxn to stimuli

Answer 45

fast

Question 46

duration of effects

Answer 46

short

Question 47

chemical messenger

Answer 47

neurotransmitters

Question 48

messenger producing cells

Answer 48

neurons

Question 49

distance from site of production

Answer 49

short