Nervous system

Question 1

Nervous system is split into…

Answer 1

CNS Central Nervous System
PNS Peripheral Nervous System

Question 2

What is included in the CNS?

Answer 2

Brain
Spinal cord

Question 3

Functions of brain (CNS) (2)

Answer 3

Coordinates body functions

Input from sensory nerves: processing and reaction

Question 4

Brain location

Answer 4

Cranial cavity
Takes up entirety of space

Question 5

3 sections of Brain composition

Answer 5

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

Question 6

Structure of forebrain

Answer 6

Cerebrum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus

Question 7

Structure of midbrain

Answer 7

Connective stem between forebrain and hindbrain

Question 8

Structure of hindbrain

Answer 8

Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla Oblongata

Question 9

4 sections of each hemisphere of cerebrum

Answer 9

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

Question 10

Deep folds of the cerebrum (3)

Answer 10

Gyri (up-folds)
Sulci (shallow folds)
Fissures (deep crevices)

Question 11

Thalamus - Function

Answer 11

Processes info received from sensory organs and relays to the cerebrum

Question 12

Hypothalamus - Functions (2)

Answer 12

• Connects the nervous to endocrine system
• Key role in homeostasis & temp control

Question 13

Midbrain - Function

Answer 13

Carries info of sight & sound

Question 14

Cerebellum: Structure

Answer 14

2 hemispheres and deeply fissured

Question 15

Cerebellum: Location

Answer 15

In hindbrain caudal to cerebrum

Question 16

Cerebellum: Function

Answer 16

• Controls balance, precision and co-ordination
• Receives info from sensory system

Question 17

Pons - Structure

Answer 17

S: Bridge between hemispheres of cerebellum

Question 18

Pons - Location

Answer 18

In hindbrain - ventral to cerebellum

Question 19

Pons - Function

Answer 19

F: Controls respiration, intensity, depth and frequency

Question 20

Medulla Oblongata: Location

Answer 20

In hindbrain (from pons to spinal cord)

Question 21

Medulla Oblongata: Function

Answer 21

• Controls respiration & circulation & blood pressure
• Plays part in swallowing and digestion

Question 22

Meninges - structure

Answer 22

3 membranes round brain & spinal cord
(Dura, Arachnoid, Pia)

Question 23

Meninges layers

Answer 23

Dura - Outer - Tough fibrous

Arachnoid - Middle - Collagen fibres & blood vessels

Pia - Inner - Fine layer closely attached 2 brain

Question 24

Meninges Functions

Answer 24

Protect CNS from mechanical damage

Blood supply & maintain for CSF to nourish CNS

Question 25

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Answer 25

Nutrition to nervous tissues Help protect CNS

Question 26

Blood brain barrier

Answer 26

Complex layer round brain's blood capillaries Protect brain from harmful substances

Question 27

Neurons

Answer 27

Cell that carry info messages or signals to and from the brain & rest of the body

Question 28

Messages sent by neurons

Answer 28

Nerve impulse or action potentials

Question 29

3 main types of nerves

Answer 29

Afferent = sensory nerves - signal from sensory neurons to CNS Efferent = motor nerves - signal from CNS to muscles/glands Mixed: receives sensory info & send info to muscles

Question 30

Nerves are also classified as...

Answer 30

spinal or cranial nerves

Question 31

Spinal nerves

Answer 31

Connect to the spinal cord Transmit signals to most of the body

Question 32

Cranial nerves

Answer 32

Found in brainstem Responsible for signals to the brain

Question 33

What is the peripheral nervous system made up of?

Answer 33

All nerve and nerve cells outside the brain and spinal cord

Question 34

Olfactory cranial nerve

Answer 34

Smell

Question 35

Optic cranial nerve

Answer 35

Visual info

Question 36

Oculomotor cranial nerve

Answer 36

Movement of the eye

Question 37

Trochlear cranial nerve

Answer 37

Movement of the eye

Question 38

Trigeminal cranial nerve

Answer 38

Face (sensory) Jaw muscles (motor)

Question 39

Abducens cranial nerve

Answer 39

Movement of the eye

Question 40

Facial cranial nerve

Answer 40

Face (sensory) Facial expression (motor)

Question 41

Vestibulocochlear cranial nerve

Answer 41

Vestibular apparatus of brain Cochlear branch/ Hearing

Question 42

Glossopharyngeal cranial nerve

Answer 42

Taste buds (sensory) Muscles of tongue (motor)

Question 43

Vagus cranial nerve

Answer 43

Larynx (sensory) Heart rate Muscles of gastro-intestinal tract

Question 44

Accessory cranial nerve

Answer 44

Muscles of neck & shoulder

Question 45

Hypoglossal cranial nerve

Answer 45

Tongue muscles

Question 46

12 cranial nerves

Answer 46

Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigemenial Abducens Facial Vestibulocochlear Glossopharyngeal Vagus Accessory Hypoglossal

Question 47

3 sensory cranial nerves

Answer 47

Olfactory Optic Vestibulocochlear

Question 48

4 mixed cranial nerves

Answer 48

Trigemenial Facial Glossopharyngeal Vagus

Question 49

5 motor cranial nerves

Answer 49

Oculomotor Trochlear Abducens Accessory Hypoglossal

Question 50

Spinal nerves

Answer 50

Leave the spinal cords directly Carry signals into and away from spinal cord

Question 51

Somatic nervous system

Answer 51

Conscious (voluntary) control of skeletal muscles of body

Question 52

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 52

Unconscious (involuntary) control of various systems of the body 2 branches: sympathetic & parasympathetic

Question 53

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 53

Fight, flight or fright

Question 54

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 54

Rest & Digest

Question 55

Composition of spinal nerves

Answer 55

Dorsal root: signals towards spinal cord Ventral root: signals away from spinal cord

Question 56

Reflex arc (5 components)

Answer 56

Receptor Sensory neuron Interneuron Motor neuron Effector

Question 57

Reflex arc

Answer 57

Give fixed, involuntary response to given stimulus (4 protection) Carry nerve impulses from receptors to spinal cord/ brain and immediately out via motor neurone to cause effector to initiate response Don't involve conscious centres of brain

Question 58

Examples of reflex arc

Answer 58

Withdrawal Blink Cough