Nervous System

Question 1

Organ system responsible for sensing and responding to stimuli; processing and storing information and regulation of bodily functions.

Answer 1

Nervous System

Question 2

Also known as nerve cells, are the basic functional cells of the nervous system.

Answer 2

Neurons

Question 2

Contains the nucleus and other organelles; provides energy.

Answer 2

Soma

Question 3

A long, tail-like structure covered with myelin; transmits signals to dendrites.

Answer 3

Axon

Question 4

Receives and processes signals from axons.

Answer 4

Dendrite

Question 5

Space between neurons where information is passed from one neuron to another.

Answer 5

Synapses

Question 6

Information is transmitted by chemical messengers
called

Answer 6

Neurotransmitters

Question 7

Triggered by physical
inputs (sound, touch, heat and light) and
chemical inputs (smell and taste).

Answer 7

Sensory Neurons

Question 8

Voluntary and involuntary
movement; communicates with tissues and
organs all over the body.

Answer 8

Motor Neurons

Question 8

The most common type of
neuron; it passes information from neurons to
other neurons.

Answer 8

Interneurons

Question 9

Is made up of the brain and the spinal cord.

Answer 9

Central Nervous System

Question 10

CNS 2 regions

Answer 10

Gray matter
White matter

Question 11

Mostly axons wrapped in myelin

Answer 11

White matter

Question 12

Mainly axon somas

Answer 12

Gray matter

Question 13

Is the center of the nervous system.

Answer 13

Brain

Question 14

3 main parts of the brain

Answer 14

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain Stem

Question 15

Is the largest part of the brain

Answer 15

Cerebrum

Question 16

C-shaped structure called

Answer 16

Copus Callosum

Question 17

This layer is known for the folds in the brain; bumps called

Answer 17

gyri (singular: gyrus)

Question 18

Is the outer gray matter layer
that covers the surface of the cerebrum.

Answer 18

Cerebral Cortex

Question 19

This layer is known for the folds in the brain; ridges called

Answer 19

sulci (singular: sulcus)

Question 20

4 distinct area of cerebrum

Answer 20

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

Question 21

Is a fist-sized part of the brain located below the occipital and temporal lobes; and just above the brain stem. Although small, it holds more than half the
neurons in the body.

Answer 21

Cerebellum

Question 22

Connects the brain with the spinal cord

Answer 22

Brain Stem

Question 23

Hunger, thirst, emotions, body temperature regulations, and circadian rhythms; pituitary gland (hormones).

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Hypothalamus

Question 24

Processes and transmits movement and sensory information.

Answer 24

Thalamus

Question 25

Hearing, movement, to calculating responses and environmental changes.

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Midbrain

Question 26

Tears, chewing, blinking, vision focus, and facial expression.

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Pons

Question 27

Heart rhythm, blood flow, breathing, O and CO2 levels.

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Medulla

Question 28

Governs the functions of other glands in the body, regulating the flow of hormones from the thyroid, adrenals, ovaries and testicles.

Answer 28

Pituitary Gland

Question 29

Regulate emotion and memory associated with the brain’s reward system, stress and the “fight or flight” response.

Answer 29

Amygdala / Amygdalae

Question 30

Located in the temporal lobe; memory and learning

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Hippocampus

Question 31

Extends from the medulla of the brain stem.

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Spinal Cord

Question 32

Melatonin: circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycle.

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Pineal Gland

Question 33

Is made up of all the nerves branching out of the brain and the spinal cord.

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Peripheral Nervous System

Question 34

The peripheral nervous system can be divided into the

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Somatic and Autonomic nervous systems

Question 35

Are the functional and structural units of the peripheral nervous system and are formed by bundles of nerve fibers (axons of neurons).

Answer 35

Nerves

Question 36

Also called the voluntary nervous system, is responsible for all the functions we are aware of and can consciously influence such as movement using the skeletal muscles.

Answer 36

Somatic Nervous System

Question 37

Also called the involuntary nervous system, operates internal organs, smooth muscle and glands.

Answer 37

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 38

It also has the ability to generate commands independently from the brain but for involuntary processes only such as

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Reflexes

Question 39

Five segments of the spinal cord

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Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Coccygeal

Question 40

2 main types of nerves

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Sensory and Motor nerves

Question 41

2 main group of nerves branching out of the brain and the spinal cord

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Cranial nerves: 12 pairs (brain) Spinal nerves: 31 pairs (spinal cord)

Question 42

The Autonomic Nervous System is divided into the

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Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous systems.

Question 43

Activates numerous complex pathways to enable an adequate response to a threat.

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Sympathetic Nervous System

Question 44

Decreases the work of the body to focus on regulating body functions such as digestion and urination, resulting in conservation of energy.

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Parasympathetic Nervous System

Question 45

It is essential for preparing the body for emergency actions in potentially dangerous situations, this is also known as the "fight-or-flight" response.

Answer 45

Sympathetic Nervous System

Question 46

Its functions are commonly described as the “rest and digest” response.

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Parasympathetic Nervous System

Question 47

When one of the brain’s blood vessels is blocked or bursts, resulting in a part of the brain dying due to lack of blood.

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Stroke

Question 48

If a nerve becomes to compressed or pinched, it can’t get enough blood to do its job. A nerve can be pinched or trapped in many reasons, such as overuse (as in carpal tunnel syndrome).

Answer 48

Pressure

Question 49

A term used to describe a group of symptoms affecting memory, thinking and social abilities.

Answer 49

Dementia

Question 50

Age-related degenerative brain condition, causing parts of the brain to deteriorate; best known for causing slowed movements, tremors, balance problems and more.

Answer 50

Parkinson's Disease

Question 51

Condition related to brain development that impacts how a person perceives and socializes with others, causing problems in social interaction and communication.

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Autism Spectrum

Question 52

Is a serious mental disorder involving a disconnection from reality, including hallucinations, delusions and extremely disordered thinking and behavior.

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Schizophrenia

Question 53

An illness caused by a virus that mainly affects nerves in the spinal cord or brain stem. It can lead to paralysis, trouble breathing and sometimes death.

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Poliomyelitis

Question 54

Condition that temporary causes sudden weakness or paralysis of facial muscles, appearing droopy on one—or sometimes both—sides of the face.

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Bell's Palsy

Question 55

Is a brain disease where nerve cells don’t signal properly, causing recurring seizures.

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Epilepsy

Question 56

A very common condition that causes pain in the head or face.

Answer 56

Headache

Question 57

Inflammation of the protective layers of the brain and spinal cord called meninges.

Answer 57

Meningitis

Question 58

Rare and serious inflammation of the brain (encephalon).

Answer 58

Encephalitis