Nervous System

Question 1

What is a neuron?

Answer 1

A cell - A functional unit of the nervous system.

Has:
- cell body
- dendrites (receptive part)
- axon that fires action potentials (sends signal to somewhere else)

Question 2

What is a nerve?

Answer 2

Bundle of axons from many different neurons in the PNS

Question 3

List the Neuroglial Cells

Answer 3

• Astrocytes
• Schwaan Cells
• Oligodendrocytes
• Ependymal Cells
• Microglia
• Satellite Cells

Question 4

Which Neuroglial cells form the blood brain barrier?

Answer 4

Astrocytes

Question 5

Which Neuroglial cells make myelin in PNS?

Answer 5

Schwaan cells

Question 6

What do Neuroglial cells do?

Answer 6

They are the supporting cells of the Nervous system. Supporting the Neuron cells by protecting, nourishing and removing debris from the nervous system

Question 7

Which cells make myelin in the CNS?

Answer 7

Oligodendrocytes

Question 8

What are the parts of the brain?

Answer 8

1. Cerebrum
2. Diencephalon
3. Cerebellum
4. Brain stem

Question 9

Which part of the brain contains the hypothalamus, thalamus, pituitary and pineal gland?

Answer 9

The Diencephalon - the core of the cerebrum

Question 10

Which part of the brain controls equilibrium, proprioception, and coordination?

Answer 10

Cerebellum

Question 11

Which part of the brain regulates organ activity?

Respiratory center, cardiac center and vasomotor center

Answer 11

Brainstem

Question 12

What are the three sections of the brain stem?

From superior to inferior

Answer 12

1. Midbrain
2. Pons
3. Medulla oblongata

Question 13

What does Broca’s area control?

Answer 13

Speech production

When not functioning unable to produce speech

Brocas for Boca

Question 14

What does Wernicke’s area control?

Answer 14

Understanding of written and spoken language

When this is not functioning they are not able to process language

Question 15

What state is the body in?

Eyes - Pupils constricted
Bronchi - Contricted
Heart rate - Decreased
Blood vessels - Dilates
Peristalsis - Promotes

Answer 15

Parasympathetic

Question 16

What state is the body in?

Eyes - Pupils dialated
Bronchi - Dilate
Heart - Increases HR
Blood Vessels - Contricts (raises bp)
Peristalsis - Suppresses

Answer 16

Sympathetic

Question 17

What are the layers of the Meninges from deepest to superficial?

Answer 17

Pia Matar (deepest)
Arachnoid matar
Dura Mater (thickest and most superfical layer)

Question 18

Where is Cerebral Spinal Fluid formed?

Answer 18

Choroid plexus

Question 19

What is the protective layer that surrounds the brain and spinal cord?

Answer 19

Meninges

Question 20

What reabsorbs Cerebral Spinal Fluid?

Answer 20

Arachnoid villi

Question 21

What fluid is between the arachnoid mater and pia mater?

Answer 21

Cerebral Spinal Fluid

Question 22

What is the naming convention of Spinal Nerves?

Answer 22

In the cervical spine - named for vertebrae below.

• Nerve between C3 and C4 is Spinal Nerve C4

In the Thoracic and Lumbar area - names for vertebrae above

• Nerve between T3 and T4 is Spinal Nerve T3

Question 23

List the Cranial Nerves

Answer 23

I. Olfactory
II. Optic
III. Oculomotor Nerve
IV. Trochlear
V. Trigeminal
VI. Abducens

Question 24

Which Cranial Nerve is responsible for smell?

Answer 24

Cranial Nerve I - Olfactory

Question 25

Which Cranial Nerve is responsible for vision?

Answer 25

Cranial Nerve II - Optic Nerve

Question 26

Which Cranial Nerve moves the eyeball in all directions, raises eyelid, and constricts the pupil?

Answer 26

Cranial Nerve III - Oculomotor

Question 27

Which cranial nerves move the eyeball?

Answer 27

Cranial Nerves 3, 4, and 6 Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens

Question 28

Which cranial nerve moves the eyeball down and in (inferior/medial)?

Answer 28

Cranial Nerve IV - Trochlear

Question 29

Which cranial nerve moves the eyeball laterally?

Answer 29

Cranial Nerve VI - Abducens

Question 30

Which cranial nerve is responsible for facial sensation and motor for chewing?

Answer 30

Cranial Nerve V - Trigeminal Nerve

Question 31

Which cranial nerve is responsible for facial expression/movement and sensory taste for upper 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 31

Cranial Nerve VII - Facial Nerve

Question 32

Which cranial nerve does Bell's Palsey impact?

Answer 32

Cranial Nerve VII - Facial Nerve

Question 33

Which cranial nerve is responsible for hearing and equilibrium/balance?

Answer 33

Cranial Nerve VIII - Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Question 34

What is the receptor for hearing?

Answer 34

Organ of corti within the cochlea of inner ear

Question 35

Which cranial nerve does Meniere's disease impact?

Answer 35

Cranial Nerve VIII - Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Question 36

Which cranial nerve is responsible for motor swallowing; sensory for taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue

Answer 36

Cranial Nerve IX - Glossopharyngeal

Question 37

Which cranial nerve is the longest of the cranial nerves - goes to digestive organs, heart & lungs?

Answer 37

Cranial Nerve X - Vagus Nerve

Question 38

Which cranial nerve controls the SCM and trapezius?

Answer 38

Cranial Nerve XI - Accessory Nerve

Question 39

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the movement of the tongue?

Answer 39

Cranial Nerve VII - Hypoglossal Nerve