Nervous System 2 Flashcards
Why types of nerves are peripheral nerves?
Spinal or Cranial nerves
What are sensory neurones called?
General Somatic Afferent (GSA)
What are motor neurones called?
General Somatic Efferent (GSE)
What are GVA and GVE?
Autonomic systems:
GVA- General Visceral Afferent- sensory information from visceral organs
GVE- General Visceral Efferent- Motor to smooth muscle and glands
Why do we see different symptoms if we have damage to a peripheral nerve?
This is because peripheral nerves usually contain a mixture of somatic and autonomic nerve fibres.
What does Ventral and Dorsal mean?
Ventral= Anterior
Dorsal = Posterior
Where does all motor and sensory information come out of?
All sensory information enters via the dorsal root into the spine. All motor information exits via the ventral root of the spine.
How can you identify what is the dorsal root and what is the ventral root?
There is swelling of the dorsal root due to there being a dorsal root ganglion. This contains the cell bodies of sensory neurones.
What is a Dorsal Ramus and a Ventral Ramus?
Dorsal Ramus- contains nerves that take information to the posterior side of the body
Ventral Ramus- contains nerves that take information to the anterior side of the body.
In the spinal cord, how is the grey and white matter arranged?
White matter round the edges, grey matter in the edges
What is a tract and what is a nerve?
A tract is a collection of neurones in the CNS while a nerve is a collection of neurones in the PNS.
What is a dermatome?
This is an area of skin that all corresponds to a particular spinal root on the spinal cord.
What is a myotome? What is the challenge with this?
Each spinal root maps to a particular group of muscle fibres associated with it.
The reason a patient may not be able to move a muscle may not be due to damage to a spinal root but instead due to a condition such as arthritis
What happens to your motor function in your hand if you have damage to one ventral root? What is the word for this?
You may still be able to send motor information to your hand as often a nerve joins the spinal cord at multiple different points (e.g. C8 and T1 root) so if one is affected, the information can still travel.
This process of putting nerves going to one body part, from multiple different spinal roots is called a plexus.
What is a cutaneous nerve territory?
Each peripheral nerve has an area of skin that is supplied by a particular nerve. These do not map to individual nerve roots because peripheral nerves receive information from many different spinal root levels (plexi).
They are different to dermatomes.
