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BI0005 > Nervous System 2- Organisation > Flashcards

Nervous System 2- Organisation Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What is innervation

A

The nerve supply of

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2
Q

What does a motor neurone do

A

Cause movement

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3
Q

What does a sensory neurone do

A

Responds to a stimulus

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4
Q

What does afferent mean

A

Towards

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5
Q

What does efferent mean

A

Away from

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6
Q

What does the somatic nervous system do

A

Controls the contraction of skeletal muscles of the body

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7
Q

What are somatic motorneurones

A

Efferent neurones sending nerve impulses (action potentials) which cause muscle contractions

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8
Q

What is voluntary muscle action

A

Intentional

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9
Q

Why is involuntary muscle action

A

Unintentional (e.g. postural muscles)

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10
Q

Muscle actions controlled by the somatic nervous system are either

A

Sterotyped or non-stereotyped

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11
Q

What are stereotyped muscle actions

A

Simple, repetitive

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12
Q

What are non-stereotyped muscle actions

A

Complex and individual to each person

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13
Q

What exerts control over motor neurones

A

The CNS

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14
Q

What 2 functional divisions is the autonomic nervous system made up of

A

Parasympathetic and sympathetic

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15
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system

A

‘rest and digest’

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16
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system

A

‘fight or flight’

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17
Q

What are the actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system on the eye

A

Sympathetic = dilates pupil. Parasympathetic = contracts pupil

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18
Q

What are the actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system on the tear glands

A

Sympathetic= no action. Parasympathetic = stimulates tear secretion

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19
Q

What are the actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system on the heart

A

Sympathetic = speeds up heart rate. Parasympathetic = slows down heart rate

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20
Q

What are the actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system on the lungs

A

Sympathetic = dilates bronchi. Parasympathetic = constricts bronchi

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21
Q

What are the actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system on the intestine

A

Sympathetic = inhibits peristalsis. Parasympathetic = stimulates peristalsis

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22
Q

What are the actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system on the bladder

A

Sympathetic = inhibits urination. Parasympathetic = stimulates urination

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23
Q

What are the actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system on the liver

A

Sympathetic = stimulates glucose production. Parasympathetic = stimulates bile production

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24
Q

What exerts control over the autonomic motor neurones

A

The central nervous system

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25
What happens in the control the ANS has on the CNS is damaged
A rapid rise in blood pressure that can causes a stroke or even be fatal
26
What are the 4 main parts of the CNS
1. Cerebral hemisphere 2. Cerebellum 3. Brainstem 4. Spinal chord
27
What is the name of the membranes that surround the entire nervous system
Meninges
28
What is the space between the meninges and CNS filled with
Cerebro spinal fluid
29
What is the function of cerebro spinal fluid
To allow the brain to float, protecting the brain physically. To maintain a stable chemical environment. Allowing the brain to float means it is weightless. Brain tissue is very soft so blood can only flow if the brain is weightless
30
What are the 4 main parts of the cerebral hemisphere
1. Cerebral cortex 2. Motor nuclei 3. Thalamus 4. Hypothalamus
31
Describe the cerebral cortex
The sensory region where pathways end
32
Describe the motor nuclei
They control movement of messages down the spinal chord
33
Describe the thalamus
It is a big area made up of individual neurones lumped together
34
Describe the hypothalamus
A collection of neurones underneath the thalamus with 2 functions: 1. controlling the endocrine system 2. Controlling the ANS
35
What are the 3 main parts of the brainstem
1. Midbrain 2. Pons 3. Medulla
36
Describe the midbrain
Connected to the cerebral hemisphere
37
Describe the pons
Major connections with the cerebellum
38
Describe the medulla
Connected to the spinal chord, has motor and sensory autonomic roles
39
Describe the cerebellum
It is called the 'little brain' and is involved in the co-ordination of motor function and balance
40
What is the CNS divided into
Grey and white matter
41
What is grey matter in the CNS
Neurone cell bodies grouped into nuclei
42
What is white matter in the CNS
Myelinated axons which form tracts
43
What is the spinal chord protected by
The vertebral column (spine)
44
Where are the somatic and autonomic motor neurones of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) located
In the spinal chord
45
What is the PNS connected to and what is is controlled by
Connected to and controlled by the CNS
46
What does the PNS control
The body from the neck down
47
What two parts is a spinal flex arc composed of
Dorsal root and ventral root
48
Describe the position and function of the dorsal root
Posterior (back) and function is sensory
49
Describe the position and function of a ventral root
Anterior (front) and function is motor
50
What is a spinal chord made up of
Repeating units of roots
51
Which ordinary sensations can be detected by a spinal relfex arc
Touch, pressure, pain, temperature
52
What are the 4 functional components of a spinal nerve
GSE (general sensory efferent) GVE (general visceral efferent) GVA (general visceral afferent) GSA (general sensory afferent)
53
What does the general sensory efferent (GSE) do
Motor neurones -\> skeletal muscles. Somatic
54
What does the general sensory afferent (GSA) do
Discriminative touch, pain, temp from skin, joints, muscle. Somatic
55
What does the general visceral efferent (GVE) do
Motor neurone -\> viscera. Visceral
56
What does the general visceral afferent (GVA) do
Detects sensation in the viscera
57
What are the 5 special sense
1. Vision 2. Hearing 3. Smell 4. Taste 5. Balance
58
What are the special senses controlled by
Cranial nerves
59
What two types on neurones make up the peripheral nervous system
Somatic and visceral
60
Where are the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, brainstem and spinal chord located

BI0005 (21 decks)

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