Nervous System Overview

Question 1

What does the grey matter of the brain and spinal cord consist of?

Answer 1

Cell bodies

Question 2

What does the white matter of the brain and spinal cord consist of?

Answer 2

Axons that form tracts (pathways)

Question 3

At what vertebra does the spinal cord end?

Answer 3

L1-L2

Question 4

What is a mixed nerve that carry motor, sensory and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the rest of the body.

Answer 4

Spinal nerve

Question 5

What are the two divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 5

The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

Question 6

What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 6

Autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system

Question 7

What does the autonomic nervous system communicate with?

Answer 7

Communicates with internal organs and glands

Question 8

What does the somatic nervous system communicate with?

Answer 8

Sense organs and voluntary muscles

Question 9

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 9

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 10

Does the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system have an arousing or calming effect?

Answer 10

Arousing

Question 11

Does the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system have an arousing or calming effect?

Answer 11

Calming

Question 12

What are the two divisions of the somatic nervous system?

Answer 12

Sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent)

Question 13

What is primary structure is the somatic nervous system derived from?

Answer 13

Somites

Question 14

What embryonic structure is the central nervous system derived from?

Answer 14

From the neural tube

Question 15

What embryonic structure does the peripheral nervous system derive from?

Answer 15

Developed from neural crest and CNS outgrowths

Question 16

What is the general function of somatic nerves?

Answer 16

Receive information from and responds to external world

Question 17

Somatic nerves innervate structures that are derived from what embryonic structure?

Answer 17

Somites

Question 18

What is the general function of visceral nerves?

Answer 18

Innervate organ systems and its elements, also detects and responds to information within the body

Question 19

A group of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS are called what?

Answer 19

Nucleus

Question 20

A group of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS are called what?

Answer 20

Ganglion

Question 21

What are the glia of the CNS?

Answer 21

Astrocyte, oligodendroglia, and microglia

Question 22

What is the glia of the PNS?

Answer 22

Schwann cell

Question 23

What are the three meninges of the CNS?

Answer 23

Dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater

Question 24

What are the three connective tissues of the PNS?

Answer 24

Epineurium, perineurinum, and endoneurium

Question 25

What is the space beneath the arachnoid layer and why is it important?

Answer 25

The subarachnoid space and this is where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lies.

Question 26

What are the four main parts of the neuron?

Answer 26

Dendrites, cell body, axon, and terminal boutons

Question 27

Where is the spinal nerve first formed?

Answer 27

At the connection between the dorsal root and anterior root.

Question 28

What is it called when a spinal nerve splits?

Answer 28

Ramus or rami

Question 29

How does the spinal nerve leave the vertebral column?

Answer 29

Via the intervertebral foramen

Question 30

What is decussation?

Answer 30

This refers to the X-shaped crossing of nerve bundles at junctional regions, pyramidal decussations (brain-spinal cord), decussation of superior cerebellar peduncles (pons-midbrain)

Question 31

What is a commissure?

Answer 31

A link between the two sides of the nervous system ex corpus callosum

Question 32

What do ipsilateral and contralateral mean?

Answer 32

Ipsilateral means same side and contralateral means opposite side

Question 33

What is the sympathetic chain of the autonomic nervous system also called?

Answer 33

Paravertebral sympathetic trunk

Question 34

Where are the preganglionic sympathetic parts of the ANS?

Answer 34

T1-L2

Question 35

Where are the parasympathetic postganglionic cell bodies found?

Answer 35

Either in the head or the walls of the cells that they innervate

Question 36

Where are the major somatic nervous plexus of the anterior cervical rami?

Answer 36

C1-C4

Question 37

Where are the major somatic nervous plexus of the anterior brachial rami?

Answer 37

C5-T1

Question 38

Where are the major somatic nervous plexus of the anterior lumbar rami?

Answer 38

L1-L4

Question 39

Where are the major somatic nervous plexus of the anterior sacral rami?

Answer 39

L4-S4

Question 40

Where are the major somatic nervous plexus of the anterior coccygeal rami?

Answer 40

S5-Co