Nervous System Review Sheet Flashcards
The somatic nervous system stimulates ___________ muscle
skeletal
The autonomic nervous system stimulates ___________ muscle, ___________ muscle, and ___________
cardiac, smooth, and glands
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) consists of which two divisions, each innervating the effector organ?
sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) generally ___________ up everything except ___________
speeds, digestion
The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) generally ___________ everything but ___________
slows down, digestion
Signals from the SNS cause the heart rate to ___________, while signals from the PNS cause the heart rate to ___________.
increase, decrease
Signals from the SNS cause smooth muscles of the intestine to ___________ contractions, while signals from the PNS cause these muscles to ___________ contractions
decrease, increase
Signals from the SNS also cause the adrenal medulla to ___________ epinephrine and norepinephrine.
secrete
Excting another neuron will increase the chances of a(n) ___________ in the second neuron
action potential
Inhibiting another neuron will make the chances of a(n) ___________ less likely
action potential
Axons from one nueron that synapse with dendrites of another axon are called ___________
axodendritic synapses
Axons from one neuron that synapse with the soma of another axon are called ___________
axosomatic synapses
Axons from one neuron can synapse with the axon terminal of another neuron. These synapses are called ___________, and they regulate the amount of ___________ released by the other neuron
axoaxonic, neurotransmitter
In an electrical synapse, electrical current flows from oneneuron to another through ___________
gap junctions
Electrical synapses are always ___________
excitatory
What are two advantages of electrical synapses?
- Fast speed of signal conduction
2. synchronize the activity for a group of neurons
What are the most common type of synapse?
chemical synapses
A chemical, called a ___________, is released from the sending neuron and travels across the ___________ to the receiving neuron.
neurotransmitter, synaptic cleft
Two advantages of the chemical synapse?
- The signal can either excite or inhibit the cell
2. The signal can be modified as it passes from one neuron to the next
The neuron conducting the impulse toward the synapse is called the ___________ neuron.
presynaptic
The axon terminal contains ___________ filled with ___________
synaptic vesicles, neurotransmitters
An action potential in the axon terminal of the ___________ neuron causes the chemical transmitter ___________ to be released. It diffuses across the synpatic cleft and bind to receptors on the ___________ membrane
pre-synaptic, neurotransmitters, post-synaptic
These receptors open ___________
ligan gated channels
The movement of the charged particles causes an electrical signal called a ___________
action potential
