Chapter 25: Urinary System Flashcards

(54 cards)

1
Q

Kidney has three layers…what are they

A
  1. outer conn tissue - renal fascia
  2. peripheral fat - cusioning / protection
  3. Fibrous capsule - prevents infections from spreading into the kidney
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2
Q

name A, B, C, D, E

A

A = adrenal gland

B = Cortex

C = Medulla

D = Renal Vein

E = Renal artery

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3
Q

how many pyramids are in the medulla

A

8

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4
Q

where does the narrow portion of the medulla combine and join into?

A

renal pelvis

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5
Q

define nephron

A

basic unit of hte kidney, one filter, nephron starts in the cortex and ends in th emedulla, most water gets absorbed here.

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6
Q

after the blood enters the kidney,it travels to the

A

glomerulus

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7
Q

the proximal and distal tubule are seperated by the

A

loop of hnele

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8
Q

urine is stored in what part of th ekidney before it moves

A

renal pelvis

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9
Q

what tube carries urine outside the body from the bladder

A

urethra

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10
Q

the kidneys are located

A

near the middle of the back, or either side of the spine

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11
Q

what is at the beginning of the nephron and what is it’s function

A

glomerulus

network of capillaries that performs the first step of filtering the blod

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12
Q

what surrounds the glomerulus and what is it’s funciton

A

Bowman’s capsule

blood is filtered through the capillaries of the glomerulus into the bowman’s capsul. bowman’s empties the filtrate into a tubule that is also part of the nephron

filtrates: Na+, gucose and amino acids

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13
Q

the glomerulus receives its blood supply from an _________ arteriole of the renal circulation

A

afferent

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14
Q

the glomerulus drains into an __________ arteriole rather than a venule

A

efferent

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15
Q

describe the proximal convoluted tubule

A

portion of the duct system of the nephron of the kidney which leads from bowman’s capsule to the loop of henle.

most absorption happens here

reabsorbs: glucose, sodium, H2O, and small amino acids

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16
Q

where does most of the absoroption occur at?

A

the Proximal convouluted tubule

65% reabsortopn

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17
Q

what is the loop of henle

A

portion of the nephron that leads from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule.

function is to create a concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney.

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18
Q

what are the four parts of the loop of henle

A

descending limb

ascending limb

thick ascending limb

cortical thick ascending limb

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19
Q

what is the thin descending limb of loop of henle permeable to

A

low permeability to ions and urea, while being highly permeable to water.

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20
Q

what is the thin ascending limb of loop of henle permeable to

A

is not permeable to water, but it is permeable to ions.

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21
Q

what is the function of the thick ascending limb of lopp of henle

A

sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl_) ions are reabsorbed from the urine by secondary active transport

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22
Q

what is the function of the cortical thick ascending limb

A

drains urine into the distal convoluted tubule

23
Q

where is the distal convoluted tubule located on the nephron and what is it’s function

A

between the loop of henle and the collecting duct system.

partily responsible for the regulation of potassium, sodium, calcium, and pH. primary site for the kidney’s hormone based regularion of calcium (Ca).

24
Q

how does the distal convoluted tubule regulate pH

A

by absorting bicarbonate and secreting protons (H+) into the filtrate or by absorting protons and secreting bicarbonate into the filtrate

25
how are sodium and potassium levels controlled by in the distal convoluted tubule
by secreting K+ and absorbing Na+. sodium absoroption is mediated by the hormone aldosterone.
26
describe the collecting duct and it's function
series of tubules and ducts that connect the nephrons to the ureter. function is electrolye and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion
27
COLLECTING DUCT: in the absence of ADH, water in the renal filtrate is left alone to enter the urine, promoting \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
IN diuresis
28
COLLECTING DUCT: when ADH is present, aquaporins allow for the reabsorption of this water, thereby inhibity
diuresis
29
what release Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
atria cells
30
what occurs when Atrial Natriuretic Peptide is released
decreases sodium (Na+) in the blood, leads to lower water in blood, blood pressure and volume decrease
31
what does the juxtaglomerular appartus regulate
the function of the nephron. regulates renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate.
32
where is the juxtaglomerular appartus located
between the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle and the returning distalconvoluted tubule
33
define hypertonic
when there is a greater concetration of solute than solvent in a solution
34
define hypotonic
when there is a lesser concentration o fsolute than solvent in a solution
35
define isotonic
when the concentration of solute and solvent are in equilibrium within a solution
36
COLLECTING DUCT: the permeability of cell membranes to water depends upon th epresence of water channels known as
aquaporins
37
label 1-8
1. glomerulus 2. renal artery 3. distal convoluted tubule 4. loop of henle 5. arteriole 6. bowman's capsule 7. proximal convoluted tubule 8. collecting tubule
38
the number of AQP2 channels on the membrane is regulated by the hormone
vasopressin also known as antidiuretic hormone
39
list all the parts of the nephron in order of fluid flow
1. glomerulus 2. bowmans capsule 3. proximal convoluted tubule 4. loop of henle 5. distal convoluted tubule 6. collecting ducts
40
is the loop of hnel and collecting ducts part of the medulla or cortex
medulla
41
what is the epithelium of the organs of the urinary system?
urinary bladder / ureters - transitional urethra - stratified squamous and columnar nephron - tubules are simple cuboidal
42
what is the functionof the macula densa?
chemoreceptor that senses concentration of urine and urine flow in distal convoluted tube
43
define glomerular filtration
process by which the body deposits waste products into kidneys
44
define tubular reabsorption
process by which fluids and nutrients reabsorb into body
45
what effect would an increase in blood pressure have on: glomerular filtration rate = urine output = release of renin =
glomerular = increase urine output = increase release of renin = decrease
46
what is the effect of angiotensin on glomerlur filtration rate? where is angiotensin made
increase (aldosterone, angiotensin and ADH increase the glomerular filtration) liver
47
what is the effect of an increase of aldosterone on Na+? K+?
increase it decreases it
48
obstruction of the renal artery will affect glomerlur filtration how?
slow it down
49
Principal cells are the distal convoluted tubules and 1st part of collecti ducts: how do they respond to increased levels of ADH? aldosterone?
increase absorption of water increase absorption of Na+
50
urine is hypotonic (dilute) when ADH is high or low?
low
51
what is the dialy urine output?
1-2L
52
what are the normal and abnormal constituents of urine
normal - 95% water, Na+, urea abnormal - blood, bacteria, protein, glucouse, ketone, hemoglobin, stones/crumbs
53
have a mother freaken awesome weekend studying!! peace out homies!!
54
Review of Renin Production in Kidney Khan Academy Video