Nervous System/ SCI/ TBI Terminology Flashcards Preview

Neuro Terminology > Nervous System/ SCI/ TBI Terminology > Flashcards

Flashcards in Nervous System/ SCI/ TBI Terminology Deck (46)
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1
Q

agnosia

A

inability to interpret information

2
Q

agraphesthesia

A

inability to recognize symbols, letters or numbers traced on the skin

3
Q

agraphia

A

inability to write due to a lesion within the brain and is typically found in combination with aphasia

4
Q

alexia

A

inability to read or comprehend written language secondary to a lesion within the dominant lobe

5
Q

anosognosia

A

denial or awareness of one’s illness (often with unilateral neglect)

6
Q

aphasia

A

inability to communicate or comprehend due to damage to specific areas of the brain

7
Q

apraxia

A

inability to perform purposeful learned movements or activities even though there is no sensory or motor impairment to hinder the task

8
Q

astereognosis

A

inability to recognize objects by sense of touch

9
Q

body schema

A

having an understanding of body as a whole and the relationship of its part to the whole

10
Q

constructional apraxia

A

inability to reproduce geometric figures and designs (often unable to visually analyze how to perform a task)

11
Q

decerebrate rigidity

A

characteristic of a corticospinal lesion at the level of the brainstem that results in extension of trunk and extremities

12
Q

decorticate rigidity

A

characteristic of corticospinal lesion at level of diencephalon where trunk and LE are in extension and UE are in flexion

13
Q

dysarthria

A

slurred and impaired speech due to motor deficit of tongue or other mm essential for speech

14
Q

dysphagia

A

inability to properly swallow

15
Q

dysprosody

A

impairment of rhythm and inflection of speech

16
Q

emotional lability

A

characteristic of receptive aphasia where there is an inability to control emotions and outbursts of laughing or crying inconsistent with situation

17
Q

fluent aphasia

A

characteristic of receptive aphasia where speech produces functional output regarding articulation, but lacks content and is typically dysprosodic

18
Q

ideational apraxia

A

inability to formulate an initial motor plan and sequence tasks where proprioceptive input necessary in impaired

19
Q

cauda equina injury

A

injuries that occur below the L1 level of the spine. Considered a LMN lesion

20
Q

myelotomy

A

surgical procedure that severs certain tracts within the spinal cord in order to decrease spasticity and improve function

21
Q

neurogenic non-reflexic bladder

A

bladder is flaccid as a result of cauda equina or conus medullaris lesion.

22
Q

neurogenic reflexive bladder

A

bladder empties reflexively for a patient with an injury above T12 level

23
Q

neurologic level

A

lowest segment with intact strength and sensation.

24
Q

paradoxical breathing

A

form of abnormal breathing that is common in tetraplegia where abdomen rises and the chest is pulled inward during inspiration. With expiration, abdomen falls and chest expands

25
Q

paraplegia

A

injuries below level of thoracic, lumbar, or sacral spine

26
Q

rhizotomy

A

surgical resection of sensory component of a spinal nerve in order to decrease spasticity and improve function

27
Q

sacral sparing

A

incomplete lesion where some of the innermost tracts remain innervated. Sx: intact saddle area sensation, toe flexor movement, and renal sphincter contraction

28
Q

spinal shock

A

physiologic response that occurs between 30-60 minutes after trauma to SC and can last up to several weeks. Presents with total flaccid paralysis and loss of all reflexes below level of injury

29
Q

tenodesis

A

pts with tetraplegia that do not possess motor control for grasp can utilize tight finger flexors with wrist extension to produce a grasp

30
Q

tenotomy

A

surgical release of a tendon in order to decrease spasticity and improve function

31
Q

tetraplegia (quadpriplegia)

A

injuries that occur at cervical spine level

32
Q

zone of preservation

A

poor or trace motor or sensory function for up to 3 levels below neurologic level

33
Q

Open brain injury

A

injury of direct penetration through the skull to the brain. i.e. gunshot wound, knife penetration, skull fragments, etc

34
Q

Closed brain injury

A

injury to the brain without penetration through the skull. i.e. concussion, contusion, hematoma, hypoxia, etc

35
Q

Primary brain injury

A

initial injury to the brain sustained by impact. i.e. skull penetration, skull fx, contusions

(coup and countrecoup lesions)

36
Q

Coup lesion

A

(primary brain injury) - direct lesion of brain under point of impact (local brain damage)

37
Q

Countrecoup lesion

A

(primary brain injury) - injury results on opposite side of brain (rebound effect after impact)

38
Q

Secondary brain injury

A

damage occurs as response to initial injury. i.e. hematoma, hypoxia, ischemia, increased ICP

(epidural and subdural hematomas)

39
Q

Epidural hematoma

A

(secondary brain injury) - hemorrhage forms between skull and dura mater

40
Q

Subdural hematoma

A

(secondary brain injury) - hemorrhage forms due to venous rupture between dura and arachnoid

41
Q

coma

A

state of unconsciousness; unresponsive to external and internal stimuli

42
Q

stupor

A

state of general unresponsiveness with arousal occurring from repeated stimuli

43
Q

obtundity

A

state of consciousness that is characterized by state of sleep, reduced alertness to arousal, and delayed response to stimuli

44
Q

delirium

A

state of consciousness characterized by disorientation, confusion, agitation, and loudness

45
Q

clouding of consciousness

A

quiet behavior, confusion, poor attention, and delayed responses

46
Q

consciousness

A

state of alertness, awareness, orientation, and memory