Peripheral Nervous System

Question 1

Axon

Answer 1

a projection of a nerve away from cell body that conducts impulses

Question 2

Dendrite

Answer 2

extension of cell body that receives signals from other neurons

Question 3

Motor unit

Answer 3

single motor neuron and all of the muslce fibers it innervates

Question 4

Myelin

Answer 4

proteins and lipids that form to create a sheath around particular nerves; increases conductivity of nerve impulse

Question 5

C1

Answer 5

dermatome: vertex of skull
myotome: none
Reflex: none

Question 6

C2

Answer 6

dermatome: temple, forehead, occiput
myotome: longus colli, SCM, rectus capitis
Reflex: none

Question 7

C3

Answer 7

dermatome: neck, post cheek, temporal area
myotome: traps, splenius capitis
Reflex: none

Question 8

C4

Answer 8

dermatome: shoulder, clavicular area, upper scapular area
myotome: traps, levator
Reflex: none

Question 9

C5

Answer 9

dermatome: delt, ant aspect of arm to base of thumb
myotome: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, deltoid, biceps
Reflex: biceps, brachioradialis

Question 10

C6

Answer 10

dermatome: ant arm, radial side of hand to thumb & index finger
myotome: biceps, supinator, wrist extensors
Reflex: biceps, brachioradialis

Question 11

C7

Answer 11

dermatome: lateral arm and forearm to index, long, and ring fingers
myotome: triceps, writs flexors
Reflex: triceps

Question 12

C8

Answer 12

dermatome: medial arm and forearm to long, ring and little fingers
myotome: ulnar dev, thumb ext, thumb adductors
Reflex: none

Question 13

L1

Answer 13

dermatome: back, over trochanter and groin
myotome: none
Reflex: none

Question 14

L2

Answer 14

dermatome: back, front of thigh to knee
myotome: psoas, hip adductors
Reflex: none

Question 15

L3

Answer 15

dermatome: back, upper buttock, ant thigh and knee medial lower leg
myotome: psoas, quadriceps
Reflex: SLR, PKB, knee jerk

Question 16

L4

Answer 16

dermatome: medial buttock, lateral thigh, medial leg, dorsum of foot, big toe
myotome: tib anterior, ext hallucis
Reflex: patellar reflex

Question 17

L5

Answer 17

dermatome: buttock, post/ lat thigh, medial 1/2 of sole, toes 1-3
myotome: peroneals, glute med, dorsiflexors
Reflex: none

Question 18

S1

Answer 18

dermatome: lateral and plantar aspect of foot
myotome: calf, hamstrings
Reflex: none

Question 19

S2

Answer 19

dermatome: buttock, thigh, post leg
myotome: calf, hamstrings, peroneals
Reflex: none

Question 20

Barognosis

Answer 20

perceive the weight of different objects in the hand (cortical sensation)

Question 21

deep pain

Answer 21

squeeze the forearm or calf muscle

Question 22

graphesthesia

Answer 22

identify a number or letter drawn on the skin without visual input (cortical sensation)

Question 23

kinesthesia

Answer 23

identify direction and extent of movement of a joint or a body part (deep sensation)

Question 24

light touch

Answer 24

perceive touch through light pressure or use of a cotton ball (superficial sensation)

Question 25

localization

Answer 25

ability to identify exact location of light touch on the body (cortical sensation)

Question 26

proprioception

Answer 26

identify a static position of an extremity or body part (deep sensation)

Question 27

stereognosis

Answer 27

identify an object without sight (cortical sensation)

Question 28

superficial pain

Answer 28

perceive noxious stimulus using pen cap, paper clip, etc

Question 29

temperature

Answer 29

perceive warm and cold test tubes (superficial sensation)

Question 30

two-point discrimination

Answer 30

using a two-point caliper on the skin, identify one or two points without visual input (cortical sensation)

Question 31

vibration

Answer 31

perceive vibration or pain through tuning fork (deep sensation)

Question 32

allodynia

Answer 32

sensation of pain in response to stimulus that would not typically produce pain

Question 33

analgesia

Answer 33

absence of pain while remaining conscious

Question 34

anesthesia

Answer 34

absence of touch sensation

Question 35

causalgia

Answer 35

constant, relentless, burning, hyperesthesia and hyperalgesia after peripheral nerve injury

Question 36

dysesthesia

Answer 36

distortion of any of the senses, especially touch

Question 37

hyperesthesia

Answer 37

heightened sensation

Question 38

hypesthesia

Answer 38

diminished touch sensation

Question 39

hyperpathia

Answer 39

extreme exaggerated response to pain

Question 40

neuralgia

Answer 40

severe and multiple shock-like pains that radiate from nerve distribution

Question 41

pallanesthesia

Answer 41

loss of vibratory sense

Question 42

paresthesia

Answer 42

abnormal sensations such as tingling, pins and needles, burning

Question 43

double crush syndrome

Answer 43

existence of 2 separate lesions along same nerve that creates more severe symptoms than a single lesion

Question 44

mononeuropathy

Answer 44

isolated nerve lesion; i.e. trauma or entrapment

Question 45

neuroma

Answer 45

abnormal growth of nerve cells; i.e. vasculitis, AIDS, amyloidosis

Question 46

peripheral neuropathy

Answer 46

impairment or dysfunction of peripheral nerves; i.e. diabetic, trauma, alcoholism

Question 47

polyneuropathy

Answer 47

diffuse nerve dysfunction that is symmetrical and secondary to pathology (not trauma); i.e. guillain barre, neurotoxic drugs, HIV

Question 48

wallerian degeneration

Answer 48

degeneration that occurs distally, specifically in myelin sheath and axon