Nervous (Test 3)

Question 1

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

Answer 1

Stop, start, and regulate the intensity of voluntary muscle movement

Question 2

What neurotransmitter does the basal ganglia use?

Answer 2

Dopamine, produced in the substantia nigra

Question 3

What system does the limbic system cooperate with?

Answer 3

The hypothalamus, forming the emotional system

Question 4

What is the role of the fornix in the limbic system?

Answer 4

Coordinates all other aspects of the limbic system

Question 5

What does the amygdala do?

Answer 5

Forms memories of experiences based entirely on emotional impact, especially fear

Question 6

What is the function of the cingulate gyrus?

Answer 6

Allows the expression of emotions through gestures and interprets pain as unpleasant

Question 7

What does the hippocampus do?

Answer 7

Relays short-term memory into long-term memory

Question 8

What are the 12 cranial nerves in order?

OOOTAF-VGVAH

Answer 8

Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal

Question 9

what is the sensory nerve of smell?

Answer 9

Olfactory

Question 10

what is the sensory nerve of vision?

Answer 10

Optic

Question 11

what nerve innervates 4 of the 6 extrinsic eye muscles

(Hint: not Trochlear)

Answer 11

Oculomotor

Question 12

which motor nerve innervates 1 extrinsic eye muscle (superior oblique)?

Answer 12

Trochlear

Question 13

what is the primary sensory nerve of the face?

Answer 13

Trigeminal

Question 14

which motor nerve innervates 1 extrinsic eye muscle (Lateral Rectus)?

Answer 14

Abducens

Question 15

what is the motor nerve of the face?

Answer 15

Facial

Question 16

what is the sensory nerve of equilibrium and hearing

Answer 16

Vestibulocochlear

Question 17

what mixed nerve innervates the tongue and pharynx?

Answer 17

Glossopharyngeal

Question 18

What is the only cranial nerve to extend past the head and neck region?

Answer 18

Vagus

Question 19

Which motor nerve innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles

Answer 19

Accessory

Question 20

Which motor nerve innervates the tongue?

Answer 20

Hypoglossal

Question 21

What do free nerve endings respond to?

Answer 21

A variety of stimuli all over the body

Question 22

What do modified free nerve endings (Merkel discs) stimulate?

Answer 22

Mechanoreceptors

Question 23

What do hair follicle receptors respond to?

Answer 23

Hair deflection

Question 24

Where are tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscles found?

Answer 24

In hairless skin

Question 25

What do tactile (Meissner's) corpuscles respond to?

Answer 25

Light pressure

Question 26

What do lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscles respond to?

Answer 26

Deep pressure

Question 27

What do nociceptors sense?

Answer 27

Pain

Question 28

What do thermal receptors sense?

Answer 28

Hot and cold

Question 29

What does gustation (taste) sense?

Answer 29

It senses dissolved molecules

Question 30

What is the major structure for taste?

Answer 30

The taste buds

Question 31

How many epithelial cells do taste buds contain?

Answer 31

50-100 epithelial cells that send impulses to the CNS

Question 32

What state must molecules be in for olfaction to detect them?

Answer 32

Gaseous state

Question 33

Where are sensory cells for olfaction located?

Answer 33

In the olfactory epithelium

Question 34

What do olfactory sensory cells contribute to?

Answer 34

Axons to the olfactory nerves

Question 35

What are the two components of the fibrous tunic?

Answer 35

Sclera (5/6 of the fibrous tunic) and Cornea (anterior, clear, 1/6 of the fibrous tunic)

Question 36

What is the choroid, and what is its function?

Answer 36

The choroid is highly vascular and makes up 5/6 of the vascular tunic, supplying blood to the eye

Question 37

What is the function of the ciliary body?

Answer 37

It surrounds the lens and focuses the lens

Question 38

What does the lens do?

Answer 38

The lens focuses light on the retina

Question 39

What is the function of the iris?

Answer 39

The iris regulates the size of the pupil and determines eye color

Question 40

What is the pupil?

Answer 40

A hole in the middle of the iris that allows light to enter

Question 41

What are the two types of photoreceptors in the retina?

Answer 41

- Rods – More light-sensitive; allow vision in black and white - Cones – Detect color and require adequate light intensity to function

Question 42

What does the bipolar layer of the retina do?

Answer 42

Bipolar cells transmit impulses from photoreceptors to ganglion cells

Question 43

What is the function of the ganglion cell layer?

Answer 43

Ganglion cells contribute nerve fibers to the optic nerves

Question 44

What is the optic disc (blind spot)?

Answer 44

The spot where the optic nerve runs back to the brain, lacking photoreceptors

Question 45

What is the macula lutea, and what does it contain?

Answer 45

The macula lutea contains the highest concentration of cones, especially in the fovea centralis

Question 46

What does hearing sense?

Answer 46

Auditory soundwaves

Question 47

What are the three main parts of the outer ear?

Answer 47

Pinna, auditory canal, and eardrum

Question 48

What are the three bones of the middle ear?

Answer 48

Malleus, incus, and stapes

Question 49

What structures are part of the inner ear?

Answer 49

Semicircular canal, vestibule, and cochlea

Question 50

What is the function of the cochlea?

Answer 50

Transmits auditory impulses to the CNS