Networking and Internet

Question 1

Protocol

Answer 1

A standard set of rules that allows devices to communicate successfully. E.g. TCP
Specify data formats. eg linking computer to a printer

Question 2

Standard

Answer 2

Guidelines to ensure that manufacturers of network equipment create product that are compatible with other manufacturers’ products. E.g. RJ45 connector

Question 3

Protocol Stack

Answer 3

A group of protocols which allows all devices on a network (and internet) to communicate irrespectively of the equipment used.

Question 4

HTTP

Answer 4

Hyper text Transfer protocol:
Transferring (request and view)multimedia web
pages over the internet - Application Layer

Question 5

FTP

Answer 5

File transfer protocol:
Copying a file from one location to another over the
internet - Application Layer

Question 6

SMTP

Answer 6

Simple mail Transfer protocol:
Mail applications typically use SMTP only for sending
email messages - Application layer

Question 7

IMAP

Answer 7

Internet Message Access protocol:
Transferring emails between computer systems via
the internet - Application layer

Question 8

DHCP

Answer 8

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol:
a client/server protocol that automatically provides
an Internet Protocol (IP) host with its IP address
and default gateway - Application layer

Question 9

UDP

Answer 9

User Datagram protocol:
Sending datagrams across a network with very
few error recovery services.- Transport layer

Question 10

TCP

Answer 10

Transmission Control protocol:
Error control protocol defined for high-speed
communications within a network. - Transport layer

Question 11

Handshaking

Answer 11

The exchange of signals between devices to establish their readiness to communicate

Question 12

Internet

Answer 12

Global network of interconnected networks that use IP addresses and TCP/IP

Question 13

Intranet

Answer 13

A private network within an organization for employees. It uses internet technology, e.g. browsers & hyperlinks to allow communication.

Question 14

Extranet

Answer 14

A website that allows external stakeholders to access information usually by the use of usernames and passwords

Question 15

World Wide Web

Answer 15

A collection of documents and other resources identified by URLs, interlinked by hypertext links, and accessed via the Internet

Question 16

WAN

Answer 16

A set of links that connect geographically remote computers and local area networks

Question 17

LAN

Answer 17

Group of devices, computers, printers, scanners under the control of one organization in a small geographic area

Question 18

Gateway

Answer 18

Device that connects networks that use different protocols

Question 19

Server

Answer 19

A software process that provides a service requested by a client

Question 20

Client

Answer 20

A software process that requests and uses the services provided by a server

Question 21

MAC

address

Answer 21

A media access control address also called physical address, is a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications on the physical network segment.

Question 22

IP (v4) address

Answer 22

A unique address that identifies a device on a network. 32 bits e.g. 192.168.168.5

Question 23

IP Header

Answer 23

• Version - IPv4 / 6
• Total length - typically 64 bytes and 1500 bytes
• Identification - unique packet sequence number
• TTL - (Time to Live) decremented by 1 by each router until 0 when it is dropped.
• Protocol - The protocol of the transport layer
• Header checksum - Calculated at each hop to make sure that the header was not corrupted.
• Source IP address
• Destination IP address

Question 24

Switch

Answer 24

Networking device that connects devices together on a (in one network) network using the MAC address, by using packet switching to receive, process and forward
data to the destination device.

Question 25

Router

Answer 25

device that connects networks that use the same protocol. It forwards packets by using the IP address. Holds addresses of other devices in network so data sent to correct destination

Question 26

TCP/IP

Answer 26

A set of working practices that allow all internet users to communicate with each other whatever their equipment

Question 27

Application Layer

Answer 27

Governs how two applications work with each other

Question 28

Transport Layer

Answer 28

Establishes the connection between applications (end points) and governs aspects of end-to end communication between two end hosts. Splits message up in packets, adds error checking details and port numbers.

Question 29

Network Layer

Answer 29

Governs the transmission of packets across the internet – typically by sending them through several routers along the route. IP address of sender and receiver are added to the packet.

Question 30

Data Link Layer

Answer 30

Governs the transmission of frames across a single network and is responsible for creating the frames that move across the network.

Question 31

Physical Layer

Answer 31

Governs transmission between adjacent devices connected by a transmission medium (e.g. electrical signals)

Question 32

Datagram/packet

Answer 32

Group of bits containing, source/destination address, error control bits, control bits and data payload

Question 33

Socket

Answer 33

combination of a host IP address and a port number. It forms a bidirectional communication path between the end processes or applications. e.g. 192.168.168.2:1045

Question 34

Port

Answer 34

an address for a software process e.g. 80

Question 35

Encapsulation

Answer 35

Inclusion of one data structure within another e.g. contents of data payload are hidden from the TCP layer data that packages it

Question 36

DNS

Answer 36

Domain Name System: The Internet's system for converting alphabetic names into numeric IP addresses. For example, when a Web address (URL) is typed into a browser, DNS servers return the IP address of the Web server associated with that domain name