Networking Concepts Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
What is the definition of a LAN?
A
Local Area Network - Single building or campus
2
Q
What does WAN stand for?
A
Wide Area Network - Connects multiple geographic locations
3
Q
What is the definition of a MAN?
A
Metropolitan Area Network - Covers a city or metropolitan area
4
Q
What does PAN stand for?
A
Personal Area Network - Individual workspace (10 feet range)
5
Q
What is a CAN?
A
Campus Area Network - Multiple buildings in same organization
6
Q
What does GAN stand for?
A
Global Area Network - Worldwide network connections
7
Q
What is a typical size for a LAN?
A
Single building, office, or home
8
Q
Who typically owns a LAN?
A
Privately owned and controlled
9
Q
What is the speed range for LANs?
A
100 Mbps to 10 Gbps (or higher)
10
Q
What connection methods are used in LANs?
A
- Ethernet cables
- Wi-Fi
- Switches
11
Q
What is the geographic scope of a LAN?
A
Up to a few kilometers
12
Q
What is the latency of a LAN?
A
Very low (under 1ms)
13
Q
What is the typical coverage area of a WAN?
A
Cities, countries, continents
14
Q
Who typically owns a WAN?
A
Often uses third-party providers (ISPs)
15
Q
What is the speed range for WANs?
A
56 Kbps to 100+ Gbps
16
Q
What connection methods are used in WANs?
A
- Leased lines
- Satellite
- Fiber
- Cellular
17
Q
What is the latency of a WAN compared to a LAN?
A
Higher than LAN (5-100ms+)
18
Q
What is the cost comparison between WAN and LAN?
A
Generally more expensive than LAN
19
Q
What is a bus topology?
A
Single cable backbone with all devices connected
20
Q
Define star topology
A
Central hub/switch with devices radiating outward
21
Q
What is a ring topology?
A
Devices connected in circular fashion
22
Q
What defines a mesh topology?
A
Every device connected to every other device
23
Q
What is a hybrid topology?
A
Combination of multiple topology types
24
Q
What is a tree topology?
A
Hierarchical structure with root and branches
25
What is physical topology?
Actual physical layout of cables and devices
26
What is logical topology?
How data flows through the network
27
What is the Ethernet standard?
IEEE 802.3 - Most common LAN technology
28
What does Token Ring represent?
IEEE 802.5 - Legacy LAN technology (obsolete)
29
Define FDDI
Fiber Distributed Data Interface - High-speed fiber network
30
What is ATM in networking?
Asynchronous Transfer Mode - Cell-based switching
31
What does WLAN stand for?
Wireless Local Area Network - Wi-Fi networks
32
What is a WPAN?
Wireless Personal Area Network - Bluetooth, NFC
33
What does WWAN stand for?
Wireless Wide Area Network - Cellular networks
34
What is the Wi-Fi standard?
IEEE 802.11 - Wireless LAN technology
35
What is the Bluetooth range?
Personal Area Network - up to 30 feet
36
What defines cellular coverage?
Wide area - miles from cell towers
37
What is a client-server model?
Centralized servers provide services to client devices
38
What is a peer-to-peer model?
All devices can act as both client and server
39
What is a hybrid model in networking?
Combination of client-server and peer-to-peer
40
Define distributed model
Services spread across multiple servers/locations
41
What does DSL stand for?
Digital Subscriber Line - Internet over phone lines
42
What is cable internet?
Internet service over coaxial TV cables
43
What is fiber optic internet?
High-speed internet over fiber cables
44
Define satellite internet
Internet via satellite communications
45
What does cellular internet refer to?
Mobile data networks (3G, 4G, 5G)
46
What is dial-up internet?
Internet over traditional phone lines (obsolete)
47
What is the function of a hub?
Physical layer device - repeats signals (obsolete)
48
What is the function of a switch?
Data link layer device - learns MAC addresses
49
What does a router do?
Network layer device - routes between networks
50
What is the function of an access point?
Wireless connectivity for wired networks
51
What does a modem do?
Modulates/demodulates signals for ISP connection
52
What is the function of a gateway?
Connects networks using different protocols
53
What is a site-to-site VPN?
Connects entire networks over internet
54
What is a remote access VPN?
Individual users connect to corporate network
55
What is a client-to-site VPN?
Single device connects to network
56
What is an SSL VPN?
Web-based VPN through browser
57
What does IPSec VPN stand for?
Network layer VPN with encryption
58
What is an MPLS VPN?
Service provider managed VPN
59
What is a public cloud?
Shared infrastructure accessible over internet
60
Define private cloud
Dedicated infrastructure for single organization
61
What is a hybrid cloud?
Combination of public and private clouds
62
What is a community cloud?
Shared by organizations with common interests
63
What does multi-cloud mean?
Using multiple cloud service providers
64
What are physical layer protocols?
* Ethernet
* Wi-Fi
* Bluetooth
65
What are data link protocols?
* Ethernet
* PPP
* Frame Relay
66
What are network layer protocols?
* IP
* ICMP
* ARP
67
What are transport layer protocols?
* TCP
* UDP
68
What are application layer protocols?
* HTTP
* FTP
* SMTP
* DNS
69
What does QoS stand for?
Quality of Service - Prioritizing network traffic based on importance
70
What is traffic shaping?
Controlling bandwidth usage and flow
71
What is bandwidth allocation?
Reserving network capacity for specific services
72
What is latency management?
Minimizing delay for time-sensitive applications
73
What is packet prioritization?
VoIP traffic over email traffic
74
What is a DMZ in networking?
Demilitarized Zone - Public-facing servers
75
What is an internal network?
Private network behind firewall
76
What is an external network?
Internet or untrusted networks
77
What is an extranet?
Private network accessible to partners
78
What is an intranet?
Private network for internal users only
79
What does VLAN stand for?
Virtual LAN - Logical network segmentation
80
What are the benefits of VLANs?
* Security
* Performance
* Management flexibility
81
What are the types of VLANs?
* Data VLANs
* Voice VLANs
* Management VLANs
82
What is a trunk port?
Carries multiple VLAN traffic
83
What is an access port?
Belongs to a single VLAN
84
What are the characteristics of 802.11a?
5 GHz, 54 Mbps, shorter range
85
What are the characteristics of 802.11b?
2.4 GHz, 11 Mbps, longer range
86
What are the characteristics of 802.11g?
2.4 GHz, 54 Mbps, backward compatible
87
What are the characteristics of 802.11n?
2.4/5 GHz, 150+ Mbps, MIMO
88
What are the characteristics of 802.11ac?
5 GHz only, 1+ Gbps, wave 1/2
89
What are the characteristics of 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6)?
2.4/5 GHz, 9.6 Gbps theoretical
90
What are the OSI model layers?
7 layers - Physical to Application
91
What are the TCP/IP model layers?
4 layers - Network to Application
92
What is the DoD model?
Department of Defense 4-layer model
93
What is the encapsulation process?
Adding headers at each layer
94
What is de-encapsulation?
Removing headers at destination
95
What is 10BASE-T?
10 Mbps over twisted pair
96
What is 100BASE-TX?
Fast Ethernet - 100 Mbps
97
What is 1000BASE-T?
Gigabit Ethernet over copper
98
What is 10GBASE-T?
10 Gigabit Ethernet
99
What is Fiber Ethernet?
Various speeds over fiber optic
100
What is unicast?
One-to-one communication
101
What is broadcast?
One-to-all communication
102
What is multicast?
One-to-many communication
103
What is anycast?
One-to-nearest communication
104
What is the Class A IP address range?
1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255
105
What is the Class B IP address range?
128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
106
What is the Class C IP address range?
192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255
107
What are the private IP ranges?
* 10.x.x.x
* 172.16-31.x.x
* 192.168.x.x
108
What is the loopback address?
127.0.0.1 - localhost
109
What is the purpose of a subnet mask?
Defines network and host portions
110
What does CIDR notation represent?
/24 represents subnet mask length
111
What is a default gateway?
Router interface for different networks
112
What does VLSM stand for?
Variable Length Subnet Masking
113
What are common physical layer issues?
* Cable problems
* Port failures
114
What are common data link issues?
* Switch problems
* MAC conflicts
115
What are common network layer issues?
* Routing problems
* IP conflicts
116
What are common network troubleshooting tools?
* ping
* traceroute
* ipconfig
* netstat
117
What is bandwidth?
Maximum data transfer capacity
118
What is throughput?
Actual data transfer achieved
119
What is latency?
Time delay in data transmission
120
What is jitter?
Variation in latency timing
121
What is packet loss?
Percentage of packets not received
