neural damage Flashcards
what is the efferent tract
sensory
what is the afferent tract
motor
what is myelin
- fatty tissue
- oligodendrocytes in the CNS
what is microglia
- CNS monocytes
what are astrocytes
- control blood brain barrier
what are the different types of glia
- astrocytes
- oligodendrocytes
- microglia
what are the neurones in the PNS
- myelinating Schwann cells
- satellite cells
what is the function of oligodendrocytes precursor cells
make new myelin if there is any damage
what is myelin
- fatty sheath around nerve fibres
- oligodendrocytes wrapped around each other
what is the function of nodes of ranvier
- gap between wrap of myelin
- where electrical signal is sent between as this is where neurones are
oligodendrocytes in CNS structure
- each multiple internodes
- can be multiple
- extend outwards
Schwann cells in PNS structure
- entire cell sits on axon
- each cell is an internode
- sit on nerve fibre and wrap themselves
what is demyelination
loss of myelin due to diseases eg MS
what is the result of demyelination
- impaired neurological function
- visual and gait deficits
- reduced conduction
what different factors can damage the nervous system
- traumatic
- developmental
- neurodegenerative
what is neurodegerneration
loss/ deterioration of neural cells/ circuitry
what causes neurodegeneration
- genetic, age trauma
- Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s
what are the consequences of neurodegeneration
- dementia
- disordered movement
- psychiatric disturbance
- paralysis
- pain
what are the cellular and molecular bases of neurodegeneration
- cell failure
- non-specific tissue damage
- accumulation of toxic molecules
- inflammation
- demyelination
- neuronal apoptosis
how does the CNS change in aging
- prevents growth
- becomes more stable
- unneeded neurones are pruned away
why is myeline removed
it can be inhibitory to the synapses
what are the symptoms of multiple sclerosis
- weakness
- fatigue
- depression
- cognitive disturbances
- chronic pain
- bouts of dizziness
what is MS
- demyelinating disease
- loss of oligodendrocytes
- sensory, motor and visceral deficits
what are the structural changes in dementia
- loss of synapses
- loss of neurons
- brain is noticeably shrunken
